Bromine pentafluoride reactions

The halogen fluorides are best prepared by the reaction of fluorine with the corresponding halogen. These compounds are powerful oxidising agents chlorine trifluoride approaches the reactivity of fluorine. In descending order of reactivity the halogen fluorides are chlorine pentafluoride [13637-63-3] 1 5 chlorine trifluoride [7790-91-2] 3 bromine pentafluoride [7789-30-2], BrF iodine heptafluoride [16921 -96-3], chlorine... 

Bromine monofluoride [13863-59-7], BrF, can be prepared by the direct reaction of Br2 and F2, but because it readily disproportionates it has never been prepared in pure form (57). However, BrF can be prepared in situ by the reaction of Br2 with AgF in benzene (58) or by the reaction of A/-bromoacetamide and HF in ether (59). BrF adds to simple alkenes at room temperature to give products of trans-addition. Bromine trifluoride [7787-71-5], BrF, can be formed from gaseous fluorine and Hquid bromine (60). Bromine pentafluoride [7789-30-2], BrF, is formed from the reaction of BrF vapor with gaseous fluorine at 200°C (60). The tri- and pentafluorides are commercially available. As strong fluorinating agents they are useful in... 

A greater hindrance for paleoclimate studies, however, is that the traditional method required reduction in an all metal vacuum line at high temperature (in externally-heated nickel reaction vessels) with bromine pentafluoride (BrFs), a highly reactive gas (Clayton and Mayeda 1963). Handling this material in anything other than a dedicated geochemistry laboratory has proven extremely difficult and dangerous (Chivas 1984). 

Russian scientists (Avrorin et al., 1981, 1985) have reported that reactions of complex mixtures of radon, xenon, metal fluorides, bromine pentafluoride, and fluorine yield a higher fluoride of radon which hydrolyzes to form RnO. However, efforts to confirm these findings have been unsuccessful. In similar experiments which have been carried out at Argonne National Laboratory (Stein, 1984), it has been found that radon in the hydrolysate is merely trapped in undissolved solids centrifugation removes the radon from the liquid phase completely. This is in marked contrast to the behavior of a solution of XeO, which can be filtered or centrifuged without loss of the xenon compound. Hence there is no reliable evidence at present for the existence of a higher oxidation state of radon or for radon compounds or ions in aqueous solutions. Earlier reports of the preparation of oxidized radon species in aqueous solutions (Haseltine and Moser, 1967 Haseltine, 1967) have also been shown to be erroneous (Flohr and Appelman, 1968 Gusev and Kirin, 1971). 

Bromine pentafluoride is prepared by fluorination of bromine at 200°C. The reaction is carried out in an iron or copper vessel. The halogens are diluted in nitrogen. 

Carbon monoxide is a highly flammable and poisonous gas. Its flammable limits in air are 12.5 to 74.2% by volume, and the autoignition temperature 700°C. It explodes when exposed to flame. Reactions with interhalogen compounds, such as, bromine pentafluoride or halogen oxides can cause explosion. It forms explosive products with sodium or potassium that are sensitive to heat and shock. 

In finely powdered form, cobalt ignites spontaneously in air. Reactions with acetylene and bromine pentafluoride proceed to incandescence and can become violent. The metal is moderately toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dusts can damage lungs. Skin contact with powdered material can cause dermatitis. 

Fluorine also reacts with other halogens, forming interhalogen compounds. While with bromine and iodine it reacts vigorously at ordinary temperatures, with chlorine the reaction occurs at 200°C. Such interhalogen products with these halogens include iodine heptafluoride, bromine trifluoride, bromine pentafluoride, and chlorine trifluoride. Metalloid elements, such as arsenic, silicon, selenium, and boron also inflame in a stream of fluorine, forming fluorides. 

Arylbromine(V) tetrafluorides (ArBrF4) are prepared by substitution reactions of bromine pentafluoride with ArSiF3. ArSiMe, or CdAr, in acetonitrile or pyridine solutions.131132... 

The triatomic cations are usually prepared from the corresponding interhalogen, by reaction with a halogen acceptor molecule. This is impossible for some of the more exotic species which have no interhalogen precursor. For example, the [Br3]+ cation has been characterized20 in [Br3]+[AsF6], formed from the interaction of arsenic pentafluoride and a bromine/bromine pentafluoride mixture and the [Cl FJ cation results from the interaction of antimony pentafluoride with chlorine monofluoride.21... 

Glemser and Smalc798 have prepared the compound Br 1 AsFfi by the displacement of oxygen in dioxygenyl hexafluoroarsenate by bromine [Eq. (4.196)] and by the reaction of bromine pentafluoride, bromine, and arsenic pentafluoride [Eq. (4.197)]. The compound is chocolate-brown and in solution has absorption bands at 310 nm and 375 nm it has fair thermal stability and can be sublimed at 30-50°C under nitrogen atmosphere. 

Bromine Pentafluoride. Contact results in violent reaction.4... 

Glemser and Smalc (15) have prepared the compound Brg+AsFg" by the displacement of oxygen in dioxygenyl hexafluoroarsenate by bromine [Eq. (12)] and by the reaction of bromine pentafluoride,... 

Potentially explosive reaction with 5-azidotetrazole, bromine pentafluoride, chromium trioxide, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium peroxide, and phosphorus trichloride. Potentially violent reactions with acetaldehyde and acetic anhydride. Ignites on contact with... 

SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by an unspecified route. Poison experimentally by inhalation. An eye, mucous membrane, and systemic irritant by inhalation. Mutation data reported. A common air contaminant. Difficult to ignite. Explosion hazard when exposed to flame or in a fire. NH3 + air in a fire can detonate. Potentially violent or explosive reactions on contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride), 1,2-dichloroethane (with liquid NH3), boron halides, chloroformamideium nitrate, ethylene oxide (polymerization reaction), magnesium... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. Moderately toxic by other routes. A severe eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with potassium chlorate or bromine trifluoride. Violent reaction (ignition) with bromine pentafluoride, NH4, NO3, and IF7. Reaction with hydrogen cyanide may give the explosive nitrogen trichloride. When heated... 

A powerful oxidizer. Explosive reaction with acetaldehyde, acetic acid + heat, acetic anhydride + heat, benzaldehyde, benzene, benzylthylaniUne, butyraldehyde, 1,3-dimethylhexahydropyrimidone, diethyl ether, ethylacetate, isopropylacetate, methyl dioxane, pelargonic acid, pentyl acetate, phosphoms + heat, propionaldehyde, and other organic materials or solvents. Forms a friction- and heat-sensitive explosive mixture with potassium hexacyanoferrate. Ignites on contact with alcohols, acetic anhydride + tetrahydronaphthalene, acetone, butanol, chromium(II) sulfide, cyclohexanol, dimethyl formamide, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, 2-propanol, pyridine. Violent reaction with acetic anhydride + 3-methylphenol (above 75°C), acetylene, bromine pentafluoride, glycerol, hexamethylphosphoramide, peroxyformic acid, selenium, sodium amide. Incandescent reaction with alkali metals (e.g., sodium, potassium), ammonia, arsenic, butyric acid (above 100°C), chlorine trifluoride, hydrogen sulfide + heat, sodium + heat, and sulfur. Incompatible with N,N-dimethylformamide. 

Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Moderately explosive when exposed to heat or flame. Explodes on contact with oxygen difluoride nitrogen trichloride bromine pentafluoride chlorine trifluoride dichlorine oxide silver fulminate. Potentially explosive reaction with copper + oxygen. Explosive reaction when heated with perchloryl fluoride (above 100°C), oxygen (above 280°C). Reacts with 4-bromobenzenediazonium chloride to form an explosive product. 

Ignition on contact with bromine pentafluoride (or violent reaction), chlorine trifluoride, fluorine, metals (powdered) + water, aluminum-titanium alloys + heat, metal acetylides (e.g., cesium acetylide, copper(I) acetylide, lithium acetylide, mbidium acetylide), nonmetals (e.g., boron ignites at 700°C), phosphoms, sodium phosphinate. Violent reaction with acetaldehyde, aluminum + diethyl ether, dipropylmercury, titanium (above 113°C). Incandescent reaction with cesium oxide... 

As with other metals, it becomes more reactive as it is more finely divided. Ultrafine iron powder is pyrophoric and potentially explosive. Explosive or violent reaction with ammonium nitrate + heat, ammonium peroxodisulfate, chloric acid, chlorine trifluoride, chloroformamidinium nitrate, bromine pentafluoride + heat (with iron powder), air + oil (with iron dust), sodium... 

SAFETY PROFILE Inhalation of the fumes can produce a febrile reaction and leucocytosis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Violent reaction or ignition in contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride). Incandescent reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. See also MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS. 

Flammable gas. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or powerful oxidizers. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to flame and sparks. Explodes on contact with interhalogens (e.g., bromine trifluoride, bromine pentafluoride), magnesium and alloys, potassium and alloys, sodium and alloys, zinc, Potentially explosive reaction with aluminum when heated to 152° in a sealed container. Mixtures with aluminum chloride + ethylene react exothermically and then explode when pressurized to above 30 bar. May ignite on contact with aluminum chloride or powdered aluminum. To fight fire, stop flow of gas and use CO2, dry chemical, or water spray. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of cr. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by inhalation. A corrosive irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. With the appropriate conditions it undergoes hazardous reactions with formic acid, hydrogen fluoride, inorganic bases, iodides, metals, methyl hydroperoxide, oxidants (e.g., bromine, pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, perchloric acid, oxygen difluoride, hydrogen peroxide), 3-propynol, water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion developmental abnormalities of the endocrine system. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with diazonium salts, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with oxidants, BrFs, FCIO, metallic salts, calomel. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of K20 and I . See also IODIDES. 

SAFETY PROFILE Handle carefully. It may be a sensitizer but not to the same extent as platinum. Most rhodium compounds have only moderate toxicity by ingestion. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Violent reaction with chlorine, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, and OF2. A catalytic metal. 

Wollaston (England) in 1804. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word rhodon meaning rose. The plated solid is very corrosion resistant and exceptionally hard. It is inert in air and acids. However, it can produce a violent reaction to chlorine, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, and fluorine monoxide. 

The following equations represent reactions that involve only halogen atoms. Iodine pentafluoride, IF5, is used to add fluorine atoms to other compounds, bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an oxidizing agent in liquid rocket propellants, and chlorine trifluoride, CIF3, is used to reprocess nuclear reactor fuels. 

E.D. Whitney, R.O. MacLaren, C.E. Fogle and TJ. Hurley, Solvolysis Reactions in Chlorine Trifluoride and Bromine Pentafluoride Preparation of the Tetrafluorochlorates and Hexafluorobromates of Potassium, Rubidium and Cerium, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 2583-2586. 

AMYLOL (71-41-0) see pentanol. R-AMYLOSE (9004-34-6) (C4H10O5), Combustible solid. Fine dust can form explosive mixture with air (flash point 770°F/410°C Fire Rating 1). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers including bromine pentafluoride fluorine, hydrogen peroxide perchlorates, perchloric acid peroxides sodium hypochlorite sodium nitrate sodium nitrite zinc permanganate. On small fires, use HjO, foam, dry chemical, or CO2 extinguishers. Nitration with a... 

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