Breast liver

BCRP, MXR, ABC-P ABCG2 Placenta, intestine, breast, liver Organic compounds including many common drugs Apical 142... 

Steroidal (estrogen replacement Endometrium, breast, liver... 

Sainz and colleagues studied the presence of Nap-A in 967 lung neoplasms. The authors found that less than 5% of carcinomas of the bladder, pancreas, breast, liver, biliary tract, colon, ovary, uterus, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and lung small cell carcinoma were positive for Nap-A and that 74% of lung adenocarcinomas were positive for Nap-A versus 63% positive for... 

Cyclins Cyclin D Translocation Amplification Nucleus Nucleus Lymphoma Breast, liver, esophageal cancer... 

They are isothiocyanates. These vegetables include broccoli, cabbage, and brussel sprouts. They have been shown to be chemoprotective against cancer of the breast, liver, esophagus, lung, intestine, and bladder. 

They are monoterpenes. They seem to act as cancer inhibitors in the colon, breast, liver, and pancreas. 

Figure 3.4 CD44 receptor levels in different types of cells, and the corresponding cell uptake, (a) Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), breast, liver and murine melanoma cells were treated with monoclonal antibody against CD44 receptors to determine the receptor levels on the surface of the cells by flow cytometry, (b) To demonstrate that the particles enter the cells via the receptors, MDA-MB468 cells were treated with HA-PEI/siRNA nanosystems at 50 nm for 12 h and observed under confocal microscope to capture images. The internalised Cy3-labelled-siRNA appears as red. (c) For competitive inhibition study, the cells were incubated with HA-PEI/Cy3-loaded-siRNA in the presence and absence of excess free soluble HA and observed under confocal microscope as shown. Reproduced with permission from S. Ganesh, A.K. Iyer, D.V. Morrissey and M.M. Amiji, Biomaterials, 2013, 34, 3489. 2013, Elsevier [19]...

Uracil is used more effectively, in nucleic acid synthesis within a rat hepatoma than in normal liver. This observation appears to have stimulated the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (1027) as an antimetabolite mainly because the introduction of a fluorine atom involves a minimal increase in size. In the event, 5-fluorouracil did prove to have antineoplastic activity and it is now a valuable drug for treatment of tumors of the breast, colon or rectum, and to a lesser extent, gastric, hepatic, pancreatic, uterine, ovarian and bladder carcinomas. As with other drugs which interfere with DNA synthesis, the therapeutic index is quite low and great care is required during treatment (69MI21301). 

Breast cancer (WNT 1, WNT5a) Breast cancer Invasive breast cancer Liver cancer Colorectal cancer (spontaneous)... 

Warning associated with the administration of estrogen include an increased risk of endometrial cancer, gallbladder disease, hypertension, hepatic adenoma (a benign tumor of the liver), cardiovascular disease, increased risk of thromboembolic disease and hypercalcemia in those with breast cancer and bone metastases. 

The estrogens are used cautiously in patients with gallbladder disease, hypercalcemia (may lead to severe hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer and bone metastasis), cardiovascular disease, and liver impairment. 

Of the 91 samples of breast milk analyzed, only 2 had detectable quantities of endosulfan (concentrations not specified). In another study, the transfer of endosulfan and its metabolites were studied in breast milk of lactafing goats (Indraningsih et al. 1993). Endosulfan residues in milk of goats administered a daily dose of 1 mg/kg for 28 days reached 0.02 mg/kg on day 1. However, by day 8, no residues or metabolites could be detected. Likewise, no endosulfan residues could be detected in the tissues of kids except for a-endosulfan in the liver at a concentration of 0.0011 mg/kg. Analysis of milk from cows... 

Intraarterial infusion of microspheres containing adriamycin was used for the local treatment of breast cancer and recurrent breast cancer with liver metastases (123). A reduction in tumor size was noted when the microspheres were injected into the internal and lateral thoracic arteries for treatment of the primary tumor. However, hepatic artery injection for liver metastases resulted in improvement in only one of three patients treated. 

Several studies of tissue distribution in humans after inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene report levels in the blood (Astrand and Ovrum 1976 Monster et al. 1976 Muller et al. 1974). Once in the bloodstream, trichloroethylene may be transported rapidly to various tissues where it will likely be metabolized. Trichloroethylene was detected in the blood of babies at birth after the mothers had received trichloroethylene anesthesia (Laham 1970), and detectable levels (concentrations not reported) have been found in the breast milk of mothers living in urban areas (Pellizzari et al. 1982). Post-mortem analyses of human tissue from persons with unspecified exposure revealed detectable levels of trichloroethylene (<1-32 pg/kg wet tissue) in most organs (McConnell et al. 1975). The relative proportions varied among individuals, but the major sites of distribution appeared to be body fat and the liver. 

HRT should not be prescribed to women with a history of or active thromboembolic disease, breast cancer or estrogen-dependent neoplasm, pregnancy, liver disease, or undiagnosed vaginal bleeding. It also should not be used for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, or dementia.11... 

Black cohosh has been one of the most studied herbal remedies for vasomotor symptoms, and it has not demonstrated a substantial benefit over placebo. The mechanism of action, safety profile, drug-drug interactions, and adverse effects of black cohosh remain unknown. In non-placebo-controlled trials conducted for 6 months or less, black cohosh demonstrated a small reduction in vasomotor symptoms. It has not been shown to be effective for vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer.33 There have been case reports of hepatotoxicity with the use of black cohosh.36 Caution should be exercised when considering the use of this product, especially in patients with liver dysfunction. 

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin cofactor for the activation of factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver. Almost all neonates are vitamin K-deficient at as a result of (1) insignificant transplacental vitamin K crossover, (2) lack of colonization of the colon by vitamin K-producing bacteria, and (3) inadequate dietary vitamin K intake (especially in breast-fed infants because human milk contains less vitamin K than infant formula or cow s milk). Vitamin K-deficiency bleeding (VKDB) refers to bleeding attributable to vitamin K deficiency within first 6 months of life. It occurs in three general time frames early (0-24 hours), classic (1-7 days), and late (2-12 weeks). Early onset occurs rarely and usually is associated with maternal ingestion of anticonvulsants, rifampin, isoniazid, and warfarin. Classic vitamin K-dependent bleeding usually results from the lack of prophylactic vitamin K administration in... 

The usual metastatic sites for solid tumors are the brain, the bone, the lung, and the liver. It is important to realize and educate patients that breast cancer cells may metastasize to the brain, so the individual doesn t have brain and breast cancer but breast cancer metastases to the brain. 

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