Branhamella catarrhalis

Haemophilus influenzae and H. ducreyi are sensitive to trimethoprim. Pathogenic Neisseria (meningococci and gonococci) and Branhamella catarrhalis are moderately resistant to trimethoprim, although they are very sensitive to a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Anaerobic bacteria in general are resistant to trimethoprim, although a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole does have an effect on them. Pneumocystis carinii is also sensitive to that combination. 

The major precipitants of exacerbations of COPD are acute airways infections. The role of bacteria in precipitating exacerbations is controversial. Bacteria may have a primary role in the development of an exacerbation or represent a secondary superinfection of an initial viral process. The major bacterial organisms that have been associated with exacerbations are Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a part. In COPD patients with a FEVi < 35% predicted gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. play an important part in acute exacerbations. 

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis TMP-SMZ,1 cephalosporin (second- or third- generation)2 Quinolone,3 macrolide4... 

Moraxella catarrhalis is also known in the literature as Branhamella catarrhalis and type strains are available from the ATCC or clinical microbiology laboratories may provide clinical isolates. It is strongly recommended that a biohazard safety hood is used when handling large quantities of the bacterium (see Note 3). 

TCd i erythromydn, azithromycin, clarithromycin, or vancomycin gentamicin Cram-negative coni Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis... 

Moraxella (previously Branhamella) catarrhalis, a commensal of the oropharynx, may be a pathogen in patients with chronic bronchitis because many strains produce 3-lactamase, co-amoxiclav or erythromycin/clarithromycin should be used. 

Azithromycin, an azalide macrolide antibiotic (500 mg p.o. as a single dose on day 1, followed by 250 mg daily on days 2 to 5 total accumulation dose is 1.5 g), is indicated in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae mild community-acquired pneumonia caused by H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or S. agalactiae second-line therapy of pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes and in nongonococcal urethritis or cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. 

Cefprozil, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is indicated in the treatment of pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes otitis media caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M.(Branhamella) catarrhalis in secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis and acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. (B.) catarrhalis and in uncomplicated skin and skin-strnctnre infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes. 

Lomefloxacin, a fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic (400 mg p.o. daily for 10 to 14 days), is used in acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Haemophilis influenzae or Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in uncomphcated urinary tract infections (cystitis) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus, in complicated urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it is possibly effective against infections caused by Citrobacter diversus or Enterobacter cloacae and for the prophylaxis of infections after transurethral surgical procedures (see also Figure 85). 

It is approved and recommended for use against respiratory infections caused by pneumococcus together with p-hemolytic streptococci otitis media by P[. influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, pneumococcus, staphylococci skin and soft tissue infections by staphylococci and streptococci bone and joint infections by Pr mirabilis and staphylococci and above all the UTIs produced by E. coli, Klebsiella and Pr mirabilis. 

Boel E, Bootsma H, de Kruif J, et al. (1998). Phage antibodies obtained by competitive selection on complement-resistant Moraxe/Za (Branhamella) catarrhalis recognize the high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein. Infect. Immun. 66 83-88. 

Children are most susceptible to ear infections from antibiotic-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Branhamella catarrhalis. The above treatment plan has been found highly effective for treating such infections. 

Branhamella catarrhalis Staphylococus epidermidis Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria mucosa Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter calcoaceticus... 

Escherichia coli Enterobacter aerogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Branhamella catarrhalis Haemophilus influenzae... 

Since cellular and free lipopolysaccharides obtained from Neisseria catarrhalis and Branhamella catarrhalis contain identical core oligosaccharides and lipid A components, it is proposed that N. catarrhalis should be reclassified under the genus Branhamella. ... 

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