Staphylococcus saprophyticus

The majority (85%) of uncomplicated UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli. The remaining 15% are caused by Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus spp., Proteus spp., and other organisms. 

The most common cause of uncomplicated UTIs is E. coli, accounting for more than 85% of community-acquired infections, followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (coagulase-negative staphylococcus), accounting for 5% to 15%. 

Acute uncomplicated cystitis Escherichia coli Staphylococcus saprophyticus 1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole x 3 days (A, 1)° 2 Fluoroquinolone x 3 days (A II)0 3. Nitrofurantion x 7 days (B, l)° 4. /)Lactams x 3 days (E, III)0 Short-course therapy more effective than single dose /J-factams as a group are not as effective in acute cystitis than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or the fluoroquinolones0... 

Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals is indicated only for the treatment of acute uncomplicated UTIs (acute cystitis) caused by susceptible strains of E. coli or Staphylococcus saprophyticus in patients 12 years of age and older. 

Staphylococcus epidermidis. Streptococcus (Group C/F), Streptococcus (Group G), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Viridans group streptococci... 

Fihn SD, Boyko EJ, Chen CL, Normand EH, Yarbro P, Scholes D. Use of spermicide-coated condoms and other risk factors for urinary tract infection caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Arch Intern Med 1998 I58(3) 28I-7. 

Escherichia coli is the causative pathogen in 80% of infections. Other organisms that may cause UTls include Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus species. 

Eighty-five percent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by Escherichia coli, and the remainder are caused primarily by Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus spp., and Klebsiella spp. Complicated infections are more frequently associated with gram-negative organisms and Enterococcus faecalis. 

Hajek V, Meugnier H, Bes M, Brun Y, Eiedler E, Chmela Z, Lasne Y, Fleurette J, Freney J (1996) Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis subsp. nov., isolated from bovine nostrils. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 792-796... 

Kuroda M, Yamashita A, Hirakawa H, Kumano M, Morikawa K, Higashide M, Maruyama A, Inose Y, Matoba K, Toh H, Kuhara S, Hattori M, Ohta T Whole genome sequence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus reveals the pathogenesis of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 13272-13277. 

Staphylococcus epidermidis [31] Staphylococcus aureus[64, 65] Staphylococcus caprae[76] Staphylococcus saprophyticus [78] Staphylococcus lugdunensis [64, 77] Staphylococcus capitis [64, 78] Staphylococcus sciuri [78] Staphylococcus caseolyticus [78] Staphylococcus cohnii [78] Staphylococcus condimenti [78] Staphylococcus simulans [78] Staphylcoccus pasteurii [64] Staphylococcus auricularis [64] Staphylococcus intermedius [64] Staphylococcus piscifermentans [64]... 

Lomefloxacin, a fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibiotic (400 mg p.o. daily for 10 to 14 days), is used in acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by Haemophilis influenzae or Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in uncomphcated urinary tract infections (cystitis) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus, in complicated urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and it is possibly effective against infections caused by Citrobacter diversus or Enterobacter cloacae and for the prophylaxis of infections after transurethral surgical procedures (see also Figure 85). 

Enterococcus faecalis various cUnical isolates and ATCC 29212 Enterococcus faecium various cUnical isolates and ATCC 51559 Micrococcus luteus various clinical isolates and ATCC 7468 Staphylococcus aureus various clinical isolates and ATCC 6538 and 29213 Staphylococcus epidermidis various clinical isolates and ATCC 12228 Staphylococcus hominis various clinical isolates and ATCC 27844 Staphylococcus haemolyticus various cUnical isolates and ATCC 29970 Staphylococcus pneumoniae various clinical isolates and ATCC 33400 Streptococcus pyogenes various cUnical isolates and ATCC 19615 Staphylococcus saprophyticus various cUnical isolates and ATCC 15305... 

Gram-positive staphylococci [5. aureus (ATCC 6538 and 29213), S. epi-dermidis (ATCC 12228), Staphylococcus hominis. Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus]. Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 7468), and streptococci [Streptococcuspyogenes. Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus pneumoniae]. 

Vancomycin-immobilized MNPs were employed for the selective enrichment of Gram-positive bacteria from urine samples. The optimal detectable concentration was 7.4 X 10" and 7.8 x 10" CFU/mL for S. aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, respectively (Lin et al. 2005). Vancomycin-modified NPs have also been utilized to concentrate Gram-positive bacteria from tap water prior to MALDI-MS. The optimal detection limit was found to be 5 x 10 CFU/mL (Li et al. 2010). The architecture and orientation of vancomycin on the surface of silica-encapsulated FejO -NPs and the overall surface coverage have been found critical in mediating fast and effective interaction between the NPs and the pathogen cell wall. Only one orientation/architecture in a series of modified NPs led to the efficient and reproducible capture of several important pathogenic bacteria (Kell et al. 2008). 

QCARs for Predicting Cation Biosorption to the Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and QCARs for Predicting Cation Biosorption to the Bacterium, Staphylococcus saprophyticus BMSZ711... 

Zamil et al. (2009) (labeled Z in Table 5.23) developed 7 QSARs to predict the maximum biosorption capacity of cations to the bacterium, Staphylococcus saprophyticus BMSZ711. The QSARs developed with Xir and a combination of ionic radius (IR) and standard reduction-oxidation potential, also known as the absolute value of the electrochemical potential between the ion and its first stable reduced state (AEq), were the most statistically significant (Table 5.23). 

Zamil, S.S., S. Ahmad, M.H. Choi, J.Y. Park, and S.C. Yoon. 2009. Correlating metal ionic characteristics with biosorphon capacity of Staphylococcus saprophyticus BMSZ711 using QICAR model. Bioresource Technol. 100 1895-1902. 

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