Bottom-line evaluation

A general policy framework such as the individual cost benefit approach suggests improvements which can be made in evaluation of traffic safety policy. For ex ante evaluation of an single standard five criteria were developed in Chapter 4 forjudging analytical acceptability. The criteria cover  

Better evaluation at the policy planning stage can improve traffic safety policy. 

Given the leadmg role which trends in the fatal accident rate played in the hearings which precipitated modern traffic safety policy it is remarkably how little effort has been made within the Department of Transportation to understand fatality trends. The record at NHTSA is dismal. An exchange between the GAO and NHTSA illustrates the agency s recalcitrance toward comprehensive analysis of accident rates, llie GAO reviewed several safety programs and commented on the lack of analysis of fatality rates. The reply from NHTSA was  

Only recently has NHTSA devoted resources to monitoring fatality trends. Useful as this effort may be, it does little to improve understanding of the causes for changes in trends. Consider the foUowing statement from NHTSA s First Annual Highway Traffic Safety Trend Report  

But often changes may offset these advances. For example, people are driving more from suburbs to town, families have more cars, the average number of passengers per vehicle is up, density of traffic on the nation s highways is up, there is more driving under the influence of alcohol, and there are both relatively and absolutely more small cars, motorcycles, mopeds, and bicycles on the roadways, all seemii y more vulnerable in traffic accidents than larger vehicles.  

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Financial statements provide the bottom line evaluation of strategy and operations. The president of a company can point to his or her financial statements as an indicator of performance. After all, most businesses need profits — now or in the future — as a by-product of serving customers. As long as the financial statements are solid, the business must be solid — right Maybe not, because financial statements are backward looking. The business may be heading for troubled waters, with few apparent problems from looking at the numbers. 

A task force should be appointed with representatives from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Management and Budget, Council of Economic Advisors and chaired by a representative from the Office of the Secretary of Transportation. The purpose of the task force would be to provide leadership in the development and use of a common general fi amework for all traffic safety policy, a common set of guidelines for exemplary regulatory impact and analysis, and a common bottom-line evaluation model. After one year the task force would report its recommendations to the Secretary of Transportation. 

More comprehensive analysis of traffic safety measures should be done. The key variables should be traffic fatalities, the traffic fatality rates and the analysis should be based on a general individual net benefit type of framework. Econometric and statistical time series models should be emphasized so as to facilitate bottom line analysis of fatality rates. Bottom line analysis is essential to a better understanding of determinants of traffic safety and taking some of the mystery out of mystery plunges. Bottom-line evaluation is essential to overall evaluation of traffic safety policy. Bottom line evaluation provides additional information on interactions within the traffic safety system. These interactions are difficult to incorporate precisely in anal is of polity measures evaluated one at a time. 

A task force and committee on traffic safety polity and implementation, adoption of a general framework for traffic safety, regulatory impact analysis based on a general framework, field testing for proposed safety measures and bottom-line evaluation could mitigate some of the imperfections in traffic safety policy. These recommendations could improve current and future policy. If improvement is unfeasible, then perhaps policy may be growing into an expensive symbol and perhaps new safety measures should be prohibited. If improvement is unfeasible, then it is time to make once again the paramount comparison between the consequences of socially imperfect decisions of individual travelers and the consequences of sociaUy imperfect decisions of traffic safety policy makers and administrators. Hopefully improvements be made. Realistically they may not be feasible. 

A Microsoft Excel (Version 5.0 or higher) spreadsheet template form has been developed which allows the calculation of the complete reaction mass efficiency (RME) according to equation (4.1) and raw material cost (RMC) for any chemical transformation. Lines are numbered and line instructions are embedded in the same manner as a personal income tax form. Green metrics are evaluated to determine the greermess of the experiment in a rigorous quantitative way and to determine the bottom line cost of carrying out the experiment. Formula entries are inserted in appropriate cells to facilitate computation. Any... 

The International Standards Organization (ISO) definition of audit is Systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which agreed criteria are fulfilled. The bottom-line goal of the software developer audit process is to allow you to assess the developer s quality assurance (QA) system. 

The bottom line is that the broader application of microwave technology is worth pursuing. Any eventual commercial adoption of technology such as a microwave-irradiated continuous reactor system generating attractive economics, both in capital and operating terms, would stimulate broader interest in evaluating the technology. 

These stahstics tell employers that developing methods to accurately evaluate potential candidates, and then retain that talent once employed, is increasingly difficult yet more important than ever before. Even during these times of growing unemployment, attracting and retaining talent can impact a company s bottom-line financial success. Recruiting to fill positions costs time and money, and vacancies affect production. 

The bottom line of this brief review of the r-process is that unanswered questions are by far more numerous than solved problems when one is dealing with this nucleosynthesis mechanism. They concern especially the astrophysics of the process, as no single site has been identified decisively yet. It also raises many nuclear physics questions. In such conditions, the modelling of the evolution of the r-nuclide content of the Galaxy and actinide-based chronometric evaluations cannot be based on solid grounds yet. This is in fact a very pleasing situation, as hope for many exciting discoveries is still ahead of us ... 

While indexes similar to those available for gas chromatography columns have not been developed, there have been attempts to try to classify columns. One way is to use a single compound such as aspirin to characterize a series of columns for a fixed polarity analyte, to determine the relative time it elutes. Others use a chemometrics (statistical) approach to group columns according to efficiency, peak symmetry, tailing, and free silane. These methods at present are of limited value in discerning relatively small differences. The bottom line is that empirical evaluation, starting with manufacturers recommended applications, is the best way to settle on the appropriate column. 

The bottom line is that hiring doesn t just happen to keep the HR folks busy. Every position represents a strong internal demand to fill a specific need. As a prospective employee, you will be evaluated depending on how well you fill that need. So it s in the best interest of both employer and job candidate that the right person is chosen for the position. To understand what makes a good match, we need to look at both sides of the coin and examine the needs and expectations of both parties. 

Maintenance will be viewed as a top-priority operation, not as a necessary evil. It wiU be viewed as another area that contributes directly to the bottom line when a strategy for continuous maintenance improvement is adopted. The future capable leader wiU have identified top priority areas for improvement, based upon a total benchmark evaluation of the maintenance operation, and investments wUl be made to implement best practices. 

Maintenance cost per unit of output Measures bottom-line maintenance cost per unit of output and evaluates net improvements related to maintenance improvements on total operation costs. Excellent metric for process-type industries and/or for discrete manufacturers with major single product output and a strong standard cost and production-reporting system. 

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