Flame retardants borates

Ishii, T., Kokaku, M., Nagsi, A., Nishita, T., and Kakimoto, M. 2006. Calcium borate flame retardation system for epoxy molding compound. Polym. Eng. Sci., 46(5), 799-806. 

Firebrake . (U.S. Borax Qiem.] Zinc borate flame retardant, smt e suppressant, synergist used in chlorinated pdyesters, PVC plastisois, and epoxy systems. 

Zinc borate (flame retardant. Climax ZB467) 2 2... 

Borax Einope and US Borax sell hydrated zinc borate flame retardants under the Firebrake name. Firebrake ZB is an example it has the formula 2ZnO.3B2O3.5H2O and the average particle size is seven microns. Firebrake 500 withstands high temperatures because it consists of anhydrous zinc borate, with no water to lose. It can be used in polyetherketones, polysulfones, fluoropolymers, polyesters and polyamides. It has a very beneficial effect on the heat release rate, suppresses smoke and afterglow, as well as promoting char. It is recommended for aircraft applications. 

Albemarle entered into an agreement in 1999/2000 with Borax, part of Rio Tinto, to collaborate in the development of nonhalogen flame retardants, particularly borates. As a result Albemarle was able to offer zinc borate flame retardants for sale in Asia. More recently Rio Tinto and its subsidiary Borax Europe Ltd. transferred responsibility for the sale of those zinc borate grades intended for polymer formulation purposes to Luzenac. 

Ke3Words borates, flame retardant, boric acid, borax, char, boric oxide, smoke suppression, afterglow suppression, dehydration temperature. 

Borate Flame Retardants Water-soluble borates such as sodium borate (borax) and boric acid have long been used to flame-retard cellulosic materials (e.g., paper boards, wood, and some technical textiles). On the other hand. 

Alumina trihydtate is also used as a secondary flame retardant and smoke suppressant for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) and polyolefin formulations in which antimony and a halogen ate used. The addition of minor amounts of either zinc borate or phosphoms results in the formation of glasses which insulate the unbumed polymer from the flame (21). 

Inorganic boron compounds are generaHy good fire retardants (59). Bode acid, alone or in mixtures with sodium borates, is particularly effective in reducing the flammabHity of ceUulosic matetials. AppHcations include treatment of wood products, ceUulose insulation, and cotton batting used in mattresses (see Flame retardants). 

Antimony trioxide (SbaOj). It is produced from stibnite (antimony sulphide). Some typical properties are density 5.2-5.67 g/cm- pH of water suspension 2-6.5 particle size 0.2-3 p,m specific surface area 2-13 m-/g. Antimony trioxide has been the oxide universally employed as flame retardant, but recently antimony pentoxide (SbaOs) has also been used. Antimony oxides require the presence of a halogen compound to exert their fire-retardant effect. The flame-retarding action is produced in the vapour phase above the burning surface. The halogen and the antimony oxide in a vapour phase (above 315 C) react to form halides and oxyhalides which act as extinguishing moieties. Combination with zinc borate, zinc stannate and ammonium octamolybdate enhances the flame-retarding properties of antimony trioxide. 

Fillers. Fillers are not commonly added to CR adhesives. Calcium carbonate or clay can be primarily added to reduce cost in high-solids CR mastics. Maximum bond strength is obtained using fillers with low particle size (lower than 5 [jim) and intermediate oil absorption (30 g/100 g filler). In general, fillers reduce the specific adhesion and cohesion strength of adhesive films. Although polychloroprene is inherently flame retardant, aluminium trihydrate, zinc borate, antimony trioxide or... 

It is possible to determine components in complex EPs where matrix effects can be severe. For example, zinc (as zinc borate), chlorine (as dechlorane flame retardant), antimony (as oxide) and fibre-glass have been determined in nylon using just one standard. Many users have refined the universal precalibrated programmes for standardless XRF and made them more efficient for matrix correction by using variable correction coefficients. OilQuant offers possibilities for analysing polymers [243]. Software packages usually provide ... 

Zinc Borate as a Flame Retardant, Smoke Suppressant, and Afterglow Suppressant in Polymers... 

Zinc Borate (2Zn0-3B203-3.5H20) is a unique multifuntional fire retardant. It can function as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, afterglow suppressant, as well as an anti-tracking agent in polymers. It has been used extnesively as a fire retardant in PVC, polyolefin, nylon, polyester, epoxy, acrylic, urethane, rubbers, etc. 

AS A FLAME RETARDANT. The zinc borate is an efficient synergist of organic halogen sources. In certain halogen-containing systems such as unsaturated polyester, epoxy (3), and rigid PVC, the zinc borate alone can outperform antimony oxide as shown by the Oxygen Index and UL-94 tests (Fig. 3, 4, and 5). 

AS A SMOKE SUPPRESSANT. Antimony oxide performs well as a flame retardant in flexible PVC, however, as a gas phase flame retardant, its use can drastically increase the smoke production during PVC combustion as illustrated in Fig. 8. The zinc borate,... 

In halogen-containing polymers, the multifunctional zinc borate can function as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, and afterglow suppressant. 

In halogen-free polymers, the zinc borate in combination with ATH at high loadings can also function as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant by releasing water and forming a porous ceramic residue, which acts as a thermal insulator. 

Glass fiber insulation (30%) is the primary use of borates. Other uses include textile glass fiber (18%), soaps, detergents, and bleaches (10%), glass (10%), agriculture (7%), and flame retardants (6%). 

Addition of fillers such as alumina trihydrate, antimony trioxide, molybdenum oxide [315], zinc borate and zinc borate complex [316] leads to increase in TS but decrease in elongation and NG migration/absorption. Addition of inorganic fillers also leads to increase in flame retardance. 

The flame retardant mechanism of PC/ABS compositions using bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and zinc borate have been investigated (54). BDP affects the decomposition of PC/ABS and acts as a flame retardant in both the gas and the condensed phase. The pyrolysis was studied by thermogravimetry coupled with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FUR) and nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Zinc borate effects an additional hydrolysis of the PC and contributes to a borate network on the residue. 

Futons are often much cheaper than organic mattresses and box springs. If you decide to get one, try to find a frame made from untreated, certified wood. They re often sold with untreated, organic cotton or wool mattresses, which might require a doctor s prescription. Some natural (nonorganic) futon mattresses are made from green cotton (which is environmentally friendly conventional cotton, harvested without the use of chemicals) and contain nontoxic borate powder as their flame retardant. This is obviously preferable to PBDE. Top-of-the-line organic crib mattresses are less expensive than adult ones. Expect to spend between 250 and 600. 

Fontaine, G., Bourbigot, S., and Duquesne, S. 2008. Neutralized flame retardant phosphorus agent Facile synthesis, reaction to fire in PP and synergy with zinc borate. Polym. Deg. Stab. 93 68-76. 

Braun, U., Schartel, B., Fichera, M.A., and Jaeger, C. 2007. Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6. Polym. Deg. Stab. 92 1528-1545. 

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