Bone cells proliferation

Lau KHW, Tanimoto H, Baylink DJ. 1988. Vanadate stimulates bone cell proliferation and bone collagen synthesis in vitro. Endocrinology 123 2858-2867. 

Zanello LP, Zhao B, Hu H. Bone cell proliferation on carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett... 

The collected herbs were dried under sunlight or in oven at 40°C. The dried herbs were weighed and ground in powder. The powder was macerated with ethanol in a ratio of Ig 11 for 3 days. NaS04 was added to absorb water content in the mixture. The ethanol with herb powder was then filtered and evaporated with rotary evaporator at 30-35°C. The ethanolic extract was added with 200ml hexane. The mixture was left for 3 days. After that, the mixture was filtered to gain hexane extract. The residue was added with water and ethyl acetate to perform liquid-liquid extraction. Water layer was freeze-dried to obtain water extract. Meanwhile, ethyl acetate layer was evaporated to obtain ethyl acetate extract. The four types of herbal extracts were used in bone cell proliferation tests. 

Glycyrrhiza uralensis X Bone marrow cell proliferating activity [59]... 

O The acute leukemias are diseases of bone marrow resulting from aberrant proliferation of hematopoietic precursors. The hallmark of these malignancies is the leukemic blast cell, a visibly immature and abnormal cell in the peripheral blood that often replaces the bone marrow and interferes with normal hematopoiesis. These blast cells proliferate in the marrow and inhibit normal cellular elements, resulting in anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Leukemia also may infiltrate other organs, including the liver, spleen, bone, skin, lymph nodes, and central nervous system (CNS). Virtually anywhere there is blood flow, the potential for extramedullary (outside the bone marrow) leukemia exists. 

Schiraldi et al. [64] have developed this kind of material by combining silica particles and pHEMA. pHEMA is a biocompatible hydrogel that has been widely studied in the past decades due to its chemical-physical structure and mechanical properties. It has been widely used in ophthalmic prostheses (contact or intraocular lenses), vascular prostheses, drug delivery systems and soft-tissue replacement [65]. These authors have shown that by incorporating silica nanoparticles, the resulting hybrid material is highly biocompatible and promotes bone cell adhesion and proliferation of bone cells seeded on it.1 ... 

Composites made with carbon nanostructures have demonstrated their high performance as biomaterials, basically applied in the field of tissue regeneration with excellent results. For example, P.R. Supronowicz et al. demonstrated that nanocomposites fabricated with polylactic acid and CNTs can be used to expose cells to electrical stimulation, thus promoting osteoblast functions that are responsible for the chemical composition of the organic and inorganic phases of bone [277]. MacDonald et al. prepared composites containing a collagen matrix CNTs and found that CNTs do not affect the cell viability or cell proliferation [278]. 

B cells are produced by the bone marrow. In response to activation of CD4+ T helper cells (see below), B cells proliferate and produce antibodies. (The term CD stands for cluster of differentiation. They are proteins coating cell surfaces. Altogether, there are more than 160 different types of CDs.) The antibodies produced by B cells circulate in the bloodstream and bind to antigens. Once bound, other cells are in turn activated to destroy the antigens. 

Musculoskeletal Effects. Few musculoskeletal effects have been reported in the literature after an acute, intermediate, or chronic exposure to chloroform in humans or in laboratory animals. Larson et al. (1996) investigated the ability of acute- and intermediate-duration exposure to chloroform vapor to produce toxicity and regenerative cell proliferation in various tissues of female B6C3Fi mice. Using the methods described in previous sections of this profile, Larson et al. (1996) found that, after acute exposure, no microscopic changes were noted in nonnasal bones, nor were non nasal bone Lis different from those of controls. In the intermediate duration studies, no alterations in nonnasal bone tissues were noted at any exposure level in either sex after exposures of 3, 6, or 13 weeks. 

In the attempt to explain the events observed, it was supposed that the reason for above has been the exhaustion of proliferative potential of hemopoietic stem cells, so called the Hayflick s limit, observed previously for the cells, proliferating in vitro (Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961 Hayflick, 1965). However, approximately at the same time it was shown, that due to successive transfers of bone marrow stem cells to lethally irradiated young recipients (mice) the proper life span of bone marrow derived stem cells exceeds at least 3 to 4 times the maximal life span of their hosts. It seems that extinction of these... 

The body s cells are normally subject to strict social control. They only divide until they come into contact with neighboring cells cell division then ceases due to contact inhibition. Exceptions to this rule include embryonic cells, cells of the intestinal epithelium (where the cells are constantly being replaced), cells in the bone marrow (where formation of blood cells takes place), and tumor cells. Uncontrolled cell proliferation is an important indicator of the presence of a tumor. While normal cells in cell culture only divide 20-60 times, tumor cells are potentially immortal and are not subject to contact inhibition. 

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