Hemopoietic stem cells

The hemopoietic stem cell is one of the best-characterized stem cells in the body and the major stem cell that is clinically applied in the treatment of diseases, including... 

The polymorph is the dominant white cell in the blood stream and, like the macrophage, shares a common hemopoietic stem cell precursor with the other formed elements of the blood. It has no mitochondria, but utilizes its abundant cytoplasmic glycogen stores for its energy requirements thus, glycolysis enables these cells to function under anaerobic conditions such as those in an inflammatory focus. It is a nondividing, short-lived cell with a segmented nucleus. 

In the attempt to explain the events observed, it was supposed that the reason for above has been the exhaustion of proliferative potential of hemopoietic stem cells, so called the Hayflick s limit, observed previously for the cells, proliferating in vitro (Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961 Hayflick, 1965). However, approximately at the same time it was shown, that due to successive transfers of bone marrow stem cells to lethally irradiated young recipients (mice) the proper life span of bone marrow derived stem cells exceeds at least 3 to 4 times the maximal life span of their hosts. It seems that extinction of these... 

Butenko G. M., Andrianova L. F. (1985). Functional properties of hemopoietic stem cells in aging. Arch. Biol. (Bruxelles), 96, 246-251. 

LONG TERM EX VIVO MAINTENANCE OF HUMAN HEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS... 

This paper covers our recent results devoted to cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells from cord blood and human fetal liver. 

Recently cord blood, comprising quite bigger part of non-committed hemopoietic cells than adult bone marrow is becoming the source of hemopoietic stem cells-precursors (CD 34 ). 

Moreover hemopoietic stem cells-precursors derived from cord blood have higher potential of proliferation and expansion than their analogues from adult bone marrow. Extended cord blood use as a source of hemopoietic cells resulted in the necessity to establish cord blood banks where the samples could be stored in a frozen state at -196 C for a long time with no loss of their biological properties. 

One more positive consequence of cryopreservation method use with PEO-1500 is noted by us higher survival after cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem CD 34 - cells in respect of NCs CD 45 - cells, that enable speaking about higher cryoresistance of the population of hemopoietic stem cells under these conditions. 

Keywords C otoxic T lymphocytes T cell antigen receptor allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation acnte myeloid lenkemia... 

This hypothetical transfer process has in fact been observed for human hemopoietic stem cells and may provide a means of treating or preventing a number of diseases such as a variety of anemia s, immune deficiencies and cancers. Some of these possibilities have recently been discussed by Delmarre et al. (2004). 

In a retrospective study that included 163 consecutive recipients of allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplants with invasive fungal infections, the possible role of glucocorticoid therapy was evaluated. The administration of high-dose glucocorticoids (2 mg/kg/day or more) was associated with an increased risk of mold infection (HR = 4.0, 95% Cl = 1.7, 9.6) and an increased risk of mold infection-related death (1 year survival 11% compared with 44% when patients took doses less than 2 mg/ kg/day) (343). 

Life-threatening hypothyroidism associated with ciclosporin was reported in a patient treated with reduced-intensity hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (50). 

In the bone marrow of mice given intraperitoneal injections of radium-226 at 17,820 pCi/kg (660,000 kBq/kg), there was a depression in the number of hemopoietic stem cells which lasted until at least 100 days after the injection but returned to normal by 300 days (Schoeters and Vanderborght 1981). Schoeters et al. (1983) reported a marked depression in the number of peripheral white blood cells of mice at 400 days after a 670 pCi (24,800 kBq) intraperitoneal injection of the chloride salt of radium-226 (approximately 22,320 pCi/kg or 827,000 kBq/kg). At 530 days post-injection, these levels appeared to be recovering. There were no consistent trends in the peripheral white blood cell levels of the lower dose groups (3,960 and 10,000 pCi/kg or 147,000 and 370,000 kBq/kg). 

Studies with mice injected with radium-226 at 24 pCi/kg (889 kBq/kg) have demonstrated reductions in the hemopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow for at least 100 days after radium acquisition (Schoeters and Vanderborght 1981). 

Another important assumption from the lectin binding studies was that hemopoietic stem cells in the mouse may carry receptors for both peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin. Evidence in support of this assumption was obtained when, with the aid of peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin a cell fraction was isolated from mouse bone marrow and spleen, which was enriched with hemopoietic stem cells and depleted of "graft-versus-host" activity. Furthermore, such a cell fraction could be used for successful reconstruction of irradiated allogeneic mice (3SH. ... 

In eastern Europe. Letoozim , a mixture of the papaya proteinases, is used for the treatment of eye burns [115] as well as for some cases of cataract [1161. Recently, a new application for chymopapain has been reported, Chymodiactin has been used in the process of removal of tumor cells from autologous marrow grafts in a positive selection system [117,118], This process clears the way for the use of autologous bone marrow transplants in the treatment of several types of cancer, since the authors showed tlst hemopoietic stem cells, the nrecyr ors of al lymphohemopoietic lineages, are present in cell mixtures purified in this way [119],... 

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a very rare acquired disorder in which hemopoietic stem cells become peculiarly sensitive to complement-mediated lysis. Venous and possibly arterial thrombosis occurs in the brain and elsewhere. Patients are nearly always anemic at... 

Umbilical cord blood is an alternative source of hemopoietic stem cells rather than bone marrow, especially for patients who lack an HLA-matched donor (35). Umbilical cord blood contains significantly more early and committed progenitor cells and has been used in patients with malignant and non-mahgnant hematological diseases. One of the advantages of cord blood is that it... 

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