Bonding vehicle manufacture

In present-day high-speed assembly line operations, adhesives are applied robotically. The adhesive bead is apphed quickly and evenly to parts on a conveyor line just prior to being fitted. These operations, especially the need to handle the adhered substrates soon after assembly, demand fast-curing adhesive systems [65]. Two-component adhesives are used to bond metals to plastics in automobiles, to laminate panels in the construction industry, to laminate foams to textiles, to laminate plastic films together, and to bond poly(vinyhdene chloride) films to wood for furniture. A commercial waterborne two-component adhesive is sold by Ashland under the trademark ISOSET. This system is used for exterior sandwich panels by recreational vehicle manufacturers and is composed of a water-emulsiliable isocyanate and a hydroxy-functionalized emulsion latex. 

Numerous cyclic ageing tests are defined, such as for example VDA cyclic ageing test or P1210 cyclic ageing test. According to the experience of vehicle manufacturers and to the authors experience, the adhesion of elastic bonding... 

Vehicle manufacture (automobiles, railroad vehicles) is another significant application for metal-to-metal bonding. 

Several large applications for one-component moisture-cure urethane adhesives are available. Polymeric MDI is an exceptional binder for wood products, such as oriented strand board and particleboard. One-component urethane windshield adhesives are used almost exclusively in both the OEM and automotive aftermarket. One-part urethane adhesives are used to assemble the sidewalls for recreational vehicles (RV s), manufactured housing, and mobile homes. In construction applications, one-part urethanes are used to bond metal doors, hardwood flooring, panels, and partitions. 

Laminating is, furthermore, important as a manufacturing process for composite materials by means of so-called laminating resins (unsaturated polyester, epoxides with substrates such as glass and carbon fibers) for example, in aeroplanes, vehicles and in shipbuilding. In these applications, however, bonded joints in the true sense of the meaning do not occur. 

Sensor fabrication has been accomplished in various ways. One method [29] combines the phthalocyanine compound with stearic acid to form a bonded substance which is then dissolved in an organic solvent. The mixture is deposited by one of several possible methods onto a substrate and subsequently fired to remove the vehicle. A thin-film model, manufactured by vacuum sublimation over interdigited electrodes on 3 mm x 3 mm alumina substrates [28], exhibited sensitivity to CI2, F2, and BCI3, but not to common reducing species. The films operating continuously did not survive longer than 6 months. 

Experimental results were used to manufacture a fuUy bonded structural component of a rail vehicle side wall which was subsequently tested under static and dynamic loading conditions. FE-analysis was used for the design process of the component Test results are compared with FE-model predictions. 

In this paper, we present test results of two methods for surface pretreatment which are generally applicable under atmospheric conditions and which can be integrated in the production line. Pragmatic approaches for the numerical description of the material behavior of adhesives according to specific loading conditions are given. Furthermore, we present model parameters for some commercial adhesive systems which were tested in relevant conditions. A concept of knock-down factors and characteristic values which is widely used in component design will be discussed. Experimental results were used to manufacture a fuUy bonded structural component of a rail vehicle. Test results are compared with FE-model predictions. 

A non-UV absorbing grade of polycarbonate window is bonded to a cast aluminum case by a manufacturer of off-road vehicles. The 30-second UV-curing system replaces a process in which holes were drilled and tapped into the aluminum and in which the window was sealed with a rubber o-ring before screwing on a metal retaining ring. 

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