Knock-down factors

Traditionally, safety factor is defined as a knock down factor to reduce the allowable design stress to a lower level than the cogent property (say, the minimum tensile strength) of the material. Recognizing the fact that such a property can vary from point to point within a product form, and from lot to lot, such a property is grouped and represented through an appropriate statistical distribution, and characterized through the appropriate statistical parameters. If the population mean and variance (/x and a) are known, the lower bound value of the property X (namely, X) can be defined as X = p, - fia, the value of p is chosen to provide a measure that the probability that X will be below (or above) X. A safety factor S.F.) may then be defined as ... 

In this paper, we present test results of two methods for surface pretreatment which are generally applicable under atmospheric conditions and which can be integrated in the production line. Pragmatic approaches for the numerical description of the material behavior of adhesives according to specific loading conditions are given. Furthermore, we present model parameters for some commercial adhesive systems which were tested in relevant conditions. A concept of knock-down factors and characteristic values which is widely used in component design will be discussed. Experimental results were used to manufacture a fuUy bonded structural component of a rail vehicle. Test results are compared with FE-model predictions. 

Static load which causes creep of adhesive joints requires time-dependent knock-down factors. With a requirement of maximum shear strain of 0.1 after 10 years, some flexible adhesives already require extremely low factors (0.001-... 

The analytical methods developed within the project are used to map process-and service-induced degradation for the material. Knock-down factors (KD) can be determined for property degradation as a function of process and service parameters. 

Most tables of values are presented as typical values. Those values and the values that are part of the menu of many computer analysis programs should be used with care. Each user must find the most appropriate set of values for design, develop useful design allowables, and apply appropriate knock down factors, based on the operating environments expected in service. 

This same strategy can be attempted at the mRNA level to inhibit the translation of individual mRNAs. These experiments are almost never 100% efficient hence, the problem becomes how much neutralization is necessary to elicit the desired effect. If the antisense oligonucleotide is targeted toward the mRNA for a particular transcription factor or splice form of a transcription factor, then it may be possible to knock down or reduce the expression of that particular protein. The result of such a knockdown will be a new balance of transcription factor subunits in the cell, probably resulting in alteration of the relative amounts of particular homo- and heterodimers. 

Its safety factor would lie in its overall im-penetrability Wearing it, you might not be pierced but would probably get knocked down. And it would certainly be ver> heavy. I prefer the padding and 1 think padding is most common. 

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