Body temperature monitoring

Gearhart et al. (1993) studied the interactions of chloroform exposure with body temperature in mice. Male mice were exposed to chloroform concentrations up to 5,500 ppm chloroform for 6 hours and their core body temperature monitored. The largest decrease in core body temperature was observed in the 5,500 ppm exposure group, followed by the 2,000, 800, and 100 ppm groups. There was no significant decrease in in vitro cytochrome P-450 activity at any temperature tested. The data collected were used to develop a PBPK model, which is discussed in more detail in Section 2.3.5. Decreased feed consumption also been reported at chloroform doses as low as 30 ppm in rats (Baeder and Hofinann 1988). 

Body Temperature Monitoring Internal body temperature, a potential confounding variable in the association between jet fuel constituent metabolism and performance/health measures, was monitored during the enrollee s work period. Selected subjects were asked to swallow a small pill-like sensor. The device provided continuous monitoring of body core temperature during the enrollee s work period. Other enrollees were asked to wear an aural or skin temperature probe. All enrollees wore Polar Band heart rate monitors around the chest area, and activity sensors on the wrist. 

Heat. Personal monitoring of the environmental conditions which impose a heat stress on a worker is impractical, so fixed station measurement of such parameters as wet bulb globe temperature are usually made (see Temperature measurements). These stations are carefully selected so that the results, plus worker location and workload data, can be combined to yield an overall heat stress estimate. Heat strain, the effect on the human, can be estimated from core body temperature, but this is usually only a research tool. 

The temperatures monitored in Fig. 5.2 are used by the brain to regulate shivering, blood flow to the skin, and sweating. The sensed temperatures also contribute to our overall feelings of warmth and other thermal sensations. 7 hermal sensation (TS) can be predicted over a wide range of activities (0.8 to 4 met) from simple deviations in the mean body temperature (T j,) from the mean bodv temperature when the person feels neither warm or cool but neutral (Fig. 5.2). 

OSM OTIC DIURETICS. Mannitol is administered only via the IV route The nurse inspects the solution carefully before administration because when exposed to low temperatures, mannitol solution may crystallize If crystals are observed, the bottle is warmed in a hot water bath, a dry heat oven, or autoclave to dissolve the crystals. The solution must be cooled to body temperature or lower before administering. The rate of administration and concentration of the drug is individualized. The nurse must monitor the urine output hourly. The rate of administration is adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 mL/h. 

ADMINISTERING CALCIUM. When calcium is administered IV, the solution is warmed to body temperature immediately before administration, and the drug is administered slowly. In some clinical situations, die primary health care provider may order the patient to have a cardiac monitor because additional drug administration may be determined by electrocardiographic changes. 

The study will commence with the administration of low doses, as judged from the non-clinical data. As the study progresses - and provided that there are no indications that it is unsafe to do so - the dosage levels may be increased past the anticipated therapeutic range. Subjects are closely monitored for changes in vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, etc.) and the emergence of any adverse side effects (nausea, drowsiness, pain, headache, irritability, hair loss, etc.). 

To characterize the responses to PbTx-2, five dose rates (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ig/kg/hr in 2 ml saline) were infused into the jugular catheters of rats (four per group). Heart rates, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures, pulse pressures, respiratory rates, core and peripheral body temperatures, lead VI0 ECCjs, and arterial blood gases were monitored. Clinical signs and behaviors were recorded by video camera. After infusion, animals were monitored for 6 hr, by which time most had either died or recovered to near baseline physiological levels. 

After initial experiments demonstrating that the antiserum was capable of completely inhibiting the binding of [ H]PbTx-3 to its receptor site in rat brain membranes (Figure 9), we began studies designed to evaluate potential of the antiserum for prophylaxis and treatment of brevetoxin intoxication (34). The tethered rat model was used, and surgical implantations were identical to those described above. Heart rate, core and peripheral body temperatures, lead VIO ECG, and arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously. Respiratory rate was recorded each 5 min for the first 3 hr, then each 15 min until 6 hr. 

Figure 1.7. Large-area electronic fabrics and health monitoring systems for soldiers and personnel employed in high-risk field operations, (a) Operation of a personnel health monitoring system, (b) Example of a vest with integrated sensors for monitoring body temperature, respiration rate, and other bodily parameters.

The parent may be advised to check body temperature, thereby monitoring fever and to keep the child well hydrated. Co-amoxiclav suspension has to be continued for 7 days. 

To determine the effect of lowered body temperature on mortality, groups of toxin-treated mice were maintained at several elevated temperatures and their survival rates monitored. Because of the limited quantity of fish toxin, only the dinoflagellate toxin could be administered to a significant number of animals held at various temperatures. Groups of eight mice treated with one-half of an LD o dose were placed at four different ajribient temperatures. 

Children appear to be at an increased risk for zonisamide-associated oligohydrosis and hyperthermia. Closely monitor patients, especially children, treated with zonisamide for evidence of decreased sweating and increased body temperature,... 

Smart fibers can make smart sutures—threads used by surgeons to sew up incisions—such as suture that ties itself when heated And Sensatex Incorporated makes a smart shirt that automatically monitors the wearer s vital signs. Special sensors and conducting fibers embedded in the shirt measure heart rate, respiration, and body temperature, and a tiny controller relays this information by transmitter to a medical station. 

E. Therapeutic response Follicle maturation during follitropin beta therapy is best monitored by daily ultrasonography and daily measurement of serum and/or urine estradiol levels. Ovulation may be clinically confirmed by an increase in serum progesterone as well as an elevation in basal body temperature. 

Most bodybuilders don t realize that the anabolic effects of Clenbuterol are not due to increased anabolic activity. Clenbuterol is actually effective through a different mechanism. It decreases both protein synthesis and break down. The reason anti-catabolic effects result is simply because it hinders protein break down more which shifts the ratio in favor of anabolism. This means that clenbuterol had significant anti-catabolic effects when stacked with a cortisol inhibitor post or during AAS cycles. Cytadren was an often noted example. Again, since clenbuterol increases thermal genesis, (calories released as heat) the common use of thyroid T-3 or T-4 in a stack with it caused a significant increase in body temperature. This was monitored closely by most. 

The baroreceptor response is just one example of the type of reflex activity employed by the ANS. The control of other involuntary functions usually follows a similar pattern of peripheral monitoring, central integration, and altered autonomic discharge. Body temperature, for instance, is monitored by thermoreceptors located in the skin, viscera, and hypothalamus. When a change in body temperature is monitored by these sensors, this information is relayed to the hypothalamus and appropriate adjustments are made in autonomic discharge in order to maintain thermal homeostasis (e.g., sweating is increased or decreased and blood flow is redistributed). Many other autonomic reflexes that control visceral and involuntary functions operate in a similar manner. 

Overdoses of MAOIs (e.g., phenylzine and tranylcypromile) cause side effects such as muscles spasms, sweating, and increasing body temperature, and these effects may be fatal. Overdose can be started with stomach wash, and supportive therapy can be performed to treat CNS effects, hyperpyrexia, and cardiovascular effects. Sometimes, overdose can be observed after a long period, and patients should be carefully monitored. Various drugs given to treat overdose are discussed elsewhere. 

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