Serum progesterone

Sierra EM, Tiffany-Castiglioni E. 1992. Effects of low-level lead exposure on hypothalamic hormones and serum progesterone levels in pregnant guinea pigs. Toxicology 72 89-97. 

E. Therapeutic response Follicle maturation during follitropin beta therapy is best monitored by daily ultrasonography and daily measurement of serum and/or urine estradiol levels. Ovulation may be clinically confirmed by an increase in serum progesterone as well as an elevation in basal body temperature. 

Secondary The secondary objective of the study was (i) to assess whether Drug XYZ affects the contraceptive effect of the oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol as reflected by changes in serum progesterone and 17- 3-estradiol levels, and (ii) to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of repeated once-daily oral doses of Drug XYZ. 

Serum progesterone Descriptive statistics and comparison of serum progesterone concentrations in cycles 1 and 2. Descriptive comparison of the proportion of subjects who ovulated whilst receiving Drug XYZ and contraceptive concomitantly and the proportion of subjects who ovulated whilst receiving contraceptive alone. Ovulation was assumed if serum progesterone levels exceeded 1.4 ng/mL on day 20 of a menstrual cycle. Individual and mean/median profiles were presented graphically. 

Pharmacodynamics Serum progesterone and 17-P-estradiol levels are considered reliable indicators for the occurrence of ovulation. Since progesterone and 17-f)-cstradiol levels were comparable for both treatments, and progesterone serum concentrations did not exceed 1.4 ng/mL (as defined in this study, progesterone concentrations above 1.4 ng/mL on day 20 of a menstrual cycle indicated ovulation) for both treatments, it was concluded that Drug XYZ administration did not affect the contraceptive effect of ethinylestradiol-based oral contraceptives and that no ovulation occurred in any of the subjects. 

Most but not all studies point toward the general conclusion that elevated serum progesterone levels on the day of hCG administration reflect a good ovarian response (higher estradiol levels, more oocytes) but has a bad effect on the endometrial receptivity (lower ongoing pregnancy rate) (H7). Serum progesterone level in the late follicular phase is not fit to be used as an indicator for treatment outcome in assisted reproduction. 

Paired serum progesterone measurements, however, one 12 h before and the other 12 h after hCG administration, can predict the chance of success of the cycle. A threefold or more increase in progesterone levels after hCG administration correlates significantly with implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates (P9). 

G4. Givens, C. R., Schriock, E. D., Dandekar, P. V., and Martin, M. C., Elevated serum progesterone levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration do not predict outcome in assisted reproduction cycles. Fertil. Steril. 62, 1011-1017 (1994). 

L4. Legro, R. S., Ary, B. A., Paulson, R. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., and Sauer, M. V., Premature luteinization as detected by elevated serum progesterone is associated with a higher pregnancy rate in donor oocyte in-vitro fertilization. Hum. Reprod. 8,1506-1511 (1993). 

R3. Randall, G. W., Gantt, P. A., Gantt, D., Kirk, M. J., and Romines, N., Elevated serum progesterone values at the time of ovulation induction in luteal leuprolide acetate-down-regulated GIFT cycles are associated with decreased clinical pregnancy rates. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 13, 459-463 (1996). 

Silverberg, K., Burns, W., Olive, D., Riehl, R., and Schenken, R., Serum progesterone levels predict success of in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer in patients stimulated with leupro-lide acetate and human menopausal gonadotropins. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73, 797—803 (1990). 

Sexual complaints attributed to interferon alfa, namely decreased hbido, impotence, or erectile failure, are usually concomitant to other neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cases of reversible impotence are anecdotal (315). The mechanisms accounting for these adverse effects are unclear, and changes in sex hormone concentrations have not been consistently reported. In one study in healthy women, interferon alfa produced falls in serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations (316), but neither impairment of libido nor impairment of fertility has apparently been reported in women. No evidence of gonadal toxicity or sexual dysfunction was found in 43 men with hairy cell leukemia who received interferon alfa for 2-12 months compared with 33 patients who... 

Luteal insufficiency, as indicated by serum progesterone concentrations of <2.5ng/ml, is thought to be inadequate for the maintenance of pregnancy... 

Hoyle N, Ebert C. FuUy automated determination on the immunoanalyzer ES 300 Performance of serum progesterone and testosterone assays. Clin Chem 1991 37 1020. 

Ratcliffe WA, Corrie JE, Dalziel AH, Macpherson JS. Direct T-radioligand assays for serum progesterone compared with assays involving extraction of serum. Clin Chem 1982 28 1314-18. 

Vallejo R, Cananaugh A, Price J, Lawruk T, Parente M, Simon F, et al. Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the direct measurement of serum progesterone using monoclonal antibodies. Clin Chem 1988 34 1162. 

Daily CA, Laurent SL,- Nunley WCJ. The prognostic value of serum progesterone and quantitative P-human chorionic gonadotropin in early human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994 171 380-3. 

Stovall TG, Carson SA. Single serum progesterone as a screen for ectopic pregnancy exchanging specificity and sensitivity to obtain optimal test performance. Fertil Steril 1996 66 513-6. 

O Leary P, Nichols C, Feddema P, Lam T> Aitken M. Serum progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin measurements in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1996 36 319-23. 

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