Board chemical additives

Reduction of the mineral oil input during recycled board production by using alternative chemical additives. 

Hoechst then sold off its specialty chemical lines to a Swiss industrial chemical firm, Clarant, for 45 percent of Clarant s stock. Early in 1997 the company announced plans for dividing its product lines into nine independent businesses monitored by a single management board. In addition to ra-... 

Acknowledgments This research has been supported over the years by NSF, the Louisiana Board of Regents through their Industrial Ties programs, and the following companies Hoechst Celanese, Arco Chemical, Albemarle, Ferro, Eastman Chemical, Sasol North America, and current funding from Dow Chemical. Additionally, the team leader had excellent discussions and interactions with hydroformylation experts at Union Carbide (now Dow), ExxonMobil, and Shell Chemical. 

Fig. 3.1 Mass shares of groups of chemical additives and raw materials for paper production in 2004 (worldwide average figures based on 350 x 10 tons of paper and board production).

The wide variety of specific demands that are placed on the different paper and board grades cannot be fulfilled with natural raw materials alone. It needs chemical additives with very specific performances, the so-called specialty chemicals . 

Table 3.10 Chemical additives and their different places of addition in the paper and board manufacturing process.

Two resin systems based on this chemical concept are commercially available from Shell Chemical Company/Technochemie under the COMPIMIDE trademark COMPIMIDE 183 (34) [98723-11-2], for use in printed circuit boards, and COMPIMIDE 796 [106856-59-1], as a resin for low pressure autoclave mol ding (35). Typical properties of COMPIMIDE 183 glass fabric—PCB laminates are provided in Table 8. COMPIMIDE 183 offers a combination of advantageous properties, such as a high glass transition temperature, low expansion coefficient, and flame resistance without bromine compound additives. 

The cost of the chemicals used in electroless copper plating is very low, rarely exceeding 2.78/m, except for fully additive processes. The principal costs of printed circuit board production arise mainly from handling steps and other operations. 

By control and substitution of chemicals used in the paper mills, manufacturers of packaging papers and board can contribute themselves directly to a small mineral oil reduction in their products. Some additives contain mineral oil as solvent such as flocculation or retention aids based on polyacrylamide (PAA), resin sizing agents or defoamers. A change of such products to mineral oil-free additives removes their own mineral oil input and reduces the contamination of packaging material. In the area of retention aids based on PAA, this conversion has already mostly taken place. 

In addition to fibre obtained directly from plant sources by chemical or mechanical treatment (virgin fibre), recycled fibre is also used and to an increasing extent for paper and board production. A breakdown of world fibre usage is given in Table 1.2 and the subject... 

Dr. Mark is acknowledged throughout the scientific community as the father of polymer science. He received the National Medal of Science in 1980, the 1978 Senior U.S. Scientist Award, 29 other medals and awards from various international organizations, and 17 honorary degrees. In 1977, he was appointed as an Honorable Member of the Japan Chemical Society. He has published over 500 original and review articles and some 20 books on topics related to polymer chemistry. Dr. Mark is founder and first editor of the Journal of Polymer Science, the definitive publication in its field, and is currently editor of the Journal of Applied Science and associate editor of the Textile Research Journal. In addition to these duties he serves as Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. 

---