Blends of surfactants

Cosurfactant requirements can be minimized usiag a surfactant having a short-branched hydrophobe or a branched-alkyl substituent on an aromatic group (232,234) and a long ethoxy group chain (234). Blends of surfactants optimized for seawater or reservoir brine salinity include linear alkyl xylene sulfonate—alcohol ether sulfate mixtures (235). 

Although only the types of surfactants presently used in main detergent formulation have been indicated, the system allows for processing of a wider range of product while still complying with the maintenance of the quality level of the feed. Moreover, products like hydrotropes or blends of surfactants and inorganic salts can be conveniently processed to yield preformulated surfactant bases ready for incorporation in formulated detergents. 

Emulsifiable concentrate formulation of Triallate, diluted to field strength concentration (1.8% a.i.), was used to contaminate cotton twill fabric. The best laundry procedure is to pretreat the work clothing with a pre-wash commercial soil and stain remover containing a blend of surfactants and solvents, launder in hot water (60°C), and then launder a second time. Approximately 18% of the pesticide remains in the fabric using the above procedure after a single wash when no pretreatment and warm water (50°C) were used, as much as 48% of the Triallate remained. 

Chemical description blend of surfactants Physical form clear to slightly hazy yellowish pourable liquid... 

RAW MATERIAL Autopoon GK4004 CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION Blend of surfactants SOURCE Zschim... 

Several review papers have reported on the application of ESI in the analysis of surfactants. Di Corcia reviewed LC-MS methods for the unequivocal identification of isomers, oligomers and homologues of the technical blends of surfactants and their biodegradation intermediates in environmental samples at trace levels with particular attention to ESI and TSP apphcations [40]. Qench et al. [28] described the applications of LC-MS in environmental analysis using the interfaces PBI, TSP, APCI and ESI in use or just coming into use in th early 1990s. 

Sprays are liquid dosage forms aerosolized into the oral cavity for transmucosal drug delivery. Due to the formation of small droplets upon aerosolization of the liquid, sprays can achieve shorter lag times and a faster onset of action than other liquid formulations. Oral-lyn is a micellar system utilizing a blend of surfactants as permeation enhancers and formulation stabilizers. The product is one application of the RapidMist system patented by Generex Biotechnology Corporation that has also been used to develop products for vaccine delivery, pain management, and weight loss. 

Chem. Descrip. Water-free blend of surfactants in odorless mineral spirits... 

In all of the above types of nanoemulsion, the interface becomes stable by addition of suitable blend of surfactants or cosurfactants (Tables 13.3 and 13.4). 

In automotive refinishing shops, various cleaning liquids are used most of which are based on organic solvents. In addition to the potential of pollution, such cleaning liquids are not suitable for removal of the water soluble dirt frequently found on car body parts (e.g., tree sap, bird droppings, etc.). A cleaning composition has been designed which can clean both solvent soluble and water soluble dirt. It is composed of a water emulsion of hydrocarbon solvent, an aUcyl ester, and a blend of surfactants. 

The selection of different surfactants in the preparation of EWs emulsion is still made on an empirical basis. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 6, and only a summary is given here. One of the earliest semi-empirical scales for selecting an appropriate surfactant or blend of surfactants was proposed by Griffin [49, 50] and is usually referred to as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance or HLB number. Another closely related concept, introduced by Shinoda and co-workers [51-53, 58], is the phase inversion temperature (PIT) volume. Both the HLB and PIT concepts are fairly empirical and one should be careful in applying them in emulsifier selection. A more quantitative index that has received little attention is that of the cohesive energy ratio (CER) concept introduced by Beerbower and Hill [54] (see Chapter 6). The HLB system that is commonly used in selecting surfactants in agrochemical emulsions is described briefly below. 

Foam. Water and a special blend of surfactant make the foam. Less water is necessary to achieve a given level of dust control. However, operating costs can be high. 

Just as with foaming properties, blends of surfactants can show synergistic wetting behavior. Blending a C14-SME with coco soap and with SLS gives much improved wetting times [21] (Fig. 11). Likely, there are certainly more combinations of other surfactants with SMEs than can result in improved wetting behavior. 

Chem. Descrip. Blend of surfactants ionic Nature Anionic... 

Chem. Descrip. High foaming blend of surfactants and emulsifiers Uses Machine cleaner to remove grease, wax, dye, and trimmer from surf, of all types of dyeing and finishing equip. 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary blend of surfactants Ionic Nature Anionic/nonionic... 

Cham. Descrip. Blend of surfactants, wetting agents, and coupling agents in aq. sol n,... 

Chem. Descrip. Complex blend of surfactants Uses Surfactant, wetting agent, emulsifier for prep, of fabrics and yarns Features Rapid wetting contains no soivs., alkylphenols, or phosphates Clavodene BTB [Ashland/Aqualon]... 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary blend of surfactants in water Uses Surfactant, foaming agent in mild, high foaming bath and skin prods, liquid soaps, hand dish detergents, shampoos Features Produces rich, dense foam Reguiatory DOT nonregulated... 

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