Bladder injury

Toxicity and health effects Benzidine is known to be acutely toxic to humans by ingestion. The symptoms of acute poisoning by ingestion include but are not restricted to cyanosis, headache, mental confusion, nausea, and vertigo. Dermal exposure may cause skin rashes and irritation. There is no information available on the acute effects of benzidine in humans via inhalation exposure. Animals exposed for a prolonged period of time developed effects on the blood, liver, kidney, and CNS. Chronic exposure caused bladder injury among workers. ... 

HEALTH SYMPTOMS inhalation (irritates respiratory tract, breathing difficulty) skin absorption (can cause nervous system injury, ataxia) ingestion (can cause bladder injury, can cause blood disorders) skin contact (can cause allergic skin reaction, can cause sensitization by skin contact, may cause tumors). 

Bladder injury is relatively infrequent in children. It is usually the consequence of blunt abdominal trauma in a child with a full bladder. Motor vehicle accident is a common cause. Seat belt ecchymosis, hematuria and pelvic fractures can be associated. Urinary leakage into the peritoneum is more fre-... 

Renal lesions have been produced in mice by dermal application of JP-5 or marine diesel fuel. The inability to duplicate these lesions with intraperitoneal administration suggested that skin application, in particular the alteration of skin following repeated dermal application, was necessary to produce the renal toxicity, and that the renal effects appeared to be secondary to skin injury (Easley et al. 1982). Lymphocytic inflammation has been induced in the urinary bladder of mice with chronic dermal application of JP-5 or marine diesel fuel (NTP/NIH 1986). However, acute and intermediate dermal exposures to kerosene and JP-5, respectively, were not toxic to the renal system of mice (Upreti et al. 

Alleviation of muscle spasms, tremor, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and after spinal cord injury... 

Os-platinum (cisplatin) binds to intracellular DNA, causing both interstrand and intrastrand cross-linking. It is a cell-cycle phase nonspecific agent. Os-platinum, which is ineffective orally, is used for testicular, bladder, and head and neck cancers. It precipitates nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and gastrointestinal injury. 

HenkerR. A., Brown S. D., and Marion D. W. (1998) Comparison of brain temperature with bladder and rectal temperatures in adults with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 42,1071-1075. 

Many head-injured patients experience fever, and recent data indicate that bladder temperature and rectal temperature often underrepresent brain temperature after TBI, particularly when the patient is hypo-or hyperthermic (21). In that study, brain temperature was usually greater than rectal or bladder temperature in adults with severe brain injury. In another study, the duration of fever was reported to be associated with poor outcome in patients with supratentorial hemorrhage (5). Taken together, these experimental and clinical findings (4,5) indicate that fever should be aggressively treated when core temperature is mildly elevated above normal levels (22,23). 

The effects of zf9-THC (5 mg) on the neurological symptoms of spinal cord injury have been studied in one patient [142], Numerous treatments over several months resulted in reduction in subjectively-rated spasticity for periods over 12 h, in improvement of bladder control and pain as well as in the quality of mood and sleep. In contrast to the above reports, Greenberg et al. found no improvement in 10 MS patients who smoked marijuana on a single occasion [143]. Actually, an impairement of balance was noted. 

---