Miniature electrochemical cells, biosensor application

At a higher level of miniaturisation, work has been directed at constructing miniature electrochemical cells for biosensor applications (20). Chemical field effect transistors (CHEMFETs) and ion selective field effect translators (ISFETs) have received a high level of research interest for almost a decade ( but with little tangible results in terms of commercially available systems. Some recent research has been directed at integration of the sensor and control electronics into a discrete, disposable device (21). Although further development is still required, the... 

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