System biometric

Biometrics involves measuring the unique physical characteristics or traits of the human body. Any aspect of the body that is measurably different from person to person—for example, fingerprints or eye characteristics—can serve as a unique biometric identifier for that individual. Biometric systems recognizing fingerprints, palm shape, eyes, face, voice, and signature comprise the bulk of the current biometric systems. 

A locking mechanism, which is controlled by the biometric system. 

Access to the system must be limited to authorized persons. The type of security will depend on whether the system is open or closed. Electronic signature technologies include identification codes (user names, passwords) or more sophisticated biometric systems (based on measurement of physical features such as palm prints, finger prints, or iris or retinal pattern scanners). The latter is expensive and less likely to be implemented, especially for multiple users. User names and passwords must be unique and never reassigned. Passwords should be changed periodically. 

S5mthetic biometrics are understood as generated biometric data that are meaningful for biometric systems. These S5mthetic data represent corrupted or distorted data. For example, facial images acquired by video cameras can be corrupted due to their appearance variation, as well as environmental conditions such as the lighting and camera resolutions. 

S. N. Yanushkevich, A. Stoica, S. N. Srihari, V. P. Shmerko, and M. L. Gavrilova, "Simulation of Biometric Information The New Generation of Biometric Systems," in Proceedings of the International Workshop Modeling and Simulation in Biometric Technology, 2004. 

Biometric system performs matching in pattern recognition problems between the training and test dataset for unknown features which would later determine the class (identity) of these unknown features. As a result of this learning technique, individuals can be identified for security and privacy purposes. 

Biometric systems - These are technologies used to measirre and analyze human physical and behavioural characteristics for the pirrpose of autherrti-cation. This includes identification of physical characteristics such as fingerprints, eye retinas, facial patterns and hand measirrements. For example, Walt Disney World uses biometric measurements taken from the fingers of guests to ensure that the person s ticket is used by the same person from day to day. These biometric systems can be valrrable tools for the automated identification of persormel, including truck drivers. 

User Authentication. User authentication is a vital required function, particularly for fully electronic systems, but one whose implementation varies widely from one company to another. Different companies may use different authentication mechanisms and technologies to validate their users, for example, Windows username, Oracle usernames, smartcards (such as SAFE-compliant cards provided by a trust authority), and biometrics. Typical enterprise ELN systems will delegate this authentication process to an external module that is customized to match the corporate IT infrastructure. 

The first draft of the new requirement had draconian security requirements, softened (as is common) after a comment period Demands for biometric identifiers were replaced with password control options. But the revised final regulation was still broad in scope and necessitated extensive documentation and testing for all systems used in the industry (with even stronger controls if the user opted for electronic signatures). 

Presented is a model checklist divided into two parts a general checklist of 21 CFR Part 11 requirements and a 21 CFR Part 11 software evaluation checklist for closed systems that do not use biometrics. 

CFR PART 11 SOFTWARE EVALUATION CHECKLIST FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS THAT DO NOT USE BIOMETRICS... 

TABLE 26.1 21 CFR Part 11 Software Evaluation Checklist for Closed Systems That Do Not Use Biometrics... 

Moorthy, j., Beebe, D. )., Organic and biometric designs for microfluidic systems. Anal. Chem. 75, 7 (2003) 293-301. 

Biometric security systems use biometric technology combined with some type of locking mechanism to control access to specific assets. In order to access an asset controlled by a biometric security system, an individual s biometric trait must be matched with an existing profile stored in a database. If there is a match between the two, the locking mechanism (which could be a physical lock, such as at a doorway an electronic lock, such as at a computer terminal or some other type of lock) is disengaged, and the individual is given access to the asset. 

A biometric security system is typically comprised of the following components ... 

A card may be a typical card or another type of device, such as a key fob or wand. These cards store electronic information, which can range from a simple code (i.e., the alphanumeric code on a Proximity card) to individualized personal data (i.e., biometric data on a Smartcard). The card reader reads the information stored on the card and sends it to the control unit, which determines the appropriate action to take when a card is presented. For example, in a card access system, the control unit compares the information on the card to stored access authorization information to determine if the card holder is authorized to proceed through the door. If the information stored in the card reader system indicates that the key is authorized to allow entrance through the doorway, the system disengages the lock and the key holder can proceed through the door. 

Ashford, J.R. and J.M. Cobby. 1974. A system of models for the action of drugs applied singly or jointly to biological organisms. Biometrics 30 11-31. 

G.E.P. Box and P.V. Youle, The exploration and exploitation of response surfaces an example of the link between the fitted surface and the basic mechanism of the system. Biometrics, 11 (1955) 287-323. 

Write a table similar to Table 11.3 for three-factor systems. What do the possible isoresponse contours look like in three-dimensional factor space [See, for example. Box, G.E.P. (1954). The Exploration and Exploitation of Response Surfaces Some General Considerations and Examples, Biometrics, 10, 16.]... 

A paper by Box, G.E.P., and Youle, P.V. (1955). The Exploration and Exploitation of Response Surfaces An Example of the Link Between the Fitted Surface and the Basic Mechanism of the System, Biometrics, 11, 287, explores the relationships between an empirical model and a fundamental mechanism. In their Section 9, they discuss some aspects of the process of scientific investigation. What do they perceive as the relationships among experiment, theory, and knowledge ... 

Thus, the PS-SCL-based biometrical analysis was applied for the identification of T cell ligands for CSF-3, a CD4+ clone of unknown specificity that was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with chronic Lyme disease of the central nervous system.47 Each mixture of a decapeptide PS-SCL... 

There are three person authentication methods PIN and static passwords, PIN and dynamic passwords, and biometric devices. Typically, the person authentication process starts when the person enters a PIN into the system, and then his/her identity is authenticated by providing a second piece of information that is known, or can be produced only by the person (e.g., a password). 

The purpose of the following checklist is to help to determine if a computer system complies with the FDA Rule 21 CFR 21 Part 11 for electronic records and electronic signatures. This audit questionnaire apphes to systems that meet the definition of a closed system as defined in Section 11.3 (b)(4) of the rule and which do not utilize biometrics identification methods. 

The ideal biometrics may be envisioned as a physical or behavioral characterization of a person and a method of its symbolic description, fused in a system that is resistant to counterfeits, produces no authentication errors, is immune to aging and diseases, brings no social, religious, ethical, and other objections, and finally, is comfortable in use. 

The client workstation can be established on Windows 2000 system and configured to enable for VPN connection to the remote network. Windows 2003 Server can be used as Network Access Server (NAS) for this purpose. The Radius biometric server can be installed on the same machine as NAS. The server may use MS SQL 2000 database for biometric templates storage. MS SQL database makes it easy to import biometric data from BioBase. MS SQL database interface must then be applied to Radius server. The enrolment station can be established on a remote Windows 2000 system. The next subsections depict the scenario elements. 

A2] Daugman, John, Biometric identification system based on iris analysis, United States Patent 5.291.560, March 1, 1994... 

A6] Zhu, Y., T. Tan, and Y. Wang, Biometric Personal Identification System Based on Ms Pattern, Chinese Patent Application No. 9911025.6, 1999... 

Security can be enhanced by automatically starting up the application when the IPC is powered on, preventing general access to the IPC operating system. Exiting the application shuts down the IPC and security is further extended by a no-reboot option on system failure. In applications of high security requirements, encryption, accountability measures (DAC, MAC), or biometric access control systems may be considered. - ... 

New pocket portals, using WAP or Blue Tooth technology, is also becoming an attractive option. However, a cautionary note needs to be registered with the heightened importance of system security and the risks of transmitting data over open systems. Biometrics and encryption are potential solutions. Also, audit trails need to be consistent across the range of software models adopted, especially client-server architectures and hand-held IPCs. 

System authenticates users, e.g., entering user-ID and password, electronic key card, or biometric control... 

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