Biometrics

First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, et al Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition With Psychotic Screen (SCID-I/ P W/ PSY SCREEN) New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1997... 

Morgan B, Dophin D (1987) Synthesis and Structure of Biometric Porph-rins. 64 115-204 Mortiz HG, see Keppler BK (1991) 78 97-128... 

The development of better varieties for dry conditions conventionally involves extensive selection and testing for yield performance over diverse environments using various biometrical approaches (Hanson Robinson, 1963). These empirical methods have led to the development of drought-... 

Harter, H. L., Critical Values for Duncan s New Multiple Range Test, Biometrics, December 1960, 671-685. 

Chow, S.-C., and Shao, J., Estimating Drug Shelf-Life with Random Batches, Biometrics 47, September 1991, 1071-1079. 

Ruberg, S. J., Pooling Data for Stability Studies Testing the Equality of Batch Degradation Slopes, Biometrics 47, September 1991, 1059-1069. 

Lindstrom MJ, Bates DM. Nonlinear mixed effects models for repeated measures data. Biometrics, 1990 46 673-87. 

User Authentication. User authentication is a vital required function, particularly for fully electronic systems, but one whose implementation varies widely from one company to another. Different companies may use different authentication mechanisms and technologies to validate their users, for example, Windows username, Oracle usernames, smartcards (such as SAFE-compliant cards provided by a trust authority), and biometrics. Typical enterprise ELN systems will delegate this authentication process to an external module that is customized to match the corporate IT infrastructure. 

The first draft of the new requirement had draconian security requirements, softened (as is common) after a comment period Demands for biometric identifiers were replaced with password control options. But the revised final regulation was still broad in scope and necessitated extensive documentation and testing for all systems used in the industry (with even stronger controls if the user opted for electronic signatures). 

Presented is a model checklist divided into two parts a general checklist of 21 CFR Part 11 requirements and a 21 CFR Part 11 software evaluation checklist for closed systems that do not use biometrics. 

CFR PART 11 SOFTWARE EVALUATION CHECKLIST FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS THAT DO NOT USE BIOMETRICS... 

TABLE 26.1 21 CFR Part 11 Software Evaluation Checklist for Closed Systems That Do Not Use Biometrics... 

Electronic signatures based on biometrics shall be designed to ensure that they cannot be used by anyone other than their genuine owners. 

Biometric evidence of natural selection in Asclepias tuberosa. Proc. Nat l. Acad. 

Moorthy, j., Beebe, D. )., Organic and biometric designs for microfluidic systems. Anal. Chem. 75, 7 (2003) 293-301. 

E.W. Forgy, Cluster analysis of multivariate data efficiency versus interpretability of classifications, Biometrics, 21 (1965) 768. 

R. A. Bradley, Science, statistics, and paired comparisons. Biometrics, 32 (1976) 213-232. H.A. David, The Method of Paired Comparisons. Charles Griffin, London, 1963. 

Lauwers MC, Hauspie RC, Susanne C, et al. 1986. Comparison of biometric data of children with high and low levels of lead in the blood. Am J Phys Anthropol 69 107-116. 

Eisenhart C (1947) The assumptions underlying the analysis of variance. Biometrics 3 1 EURACHEM (1995) Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement. Teddington... 

Tukey JW (1949) Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics 5 99... 

Box GPE (1954) The exploration and exploitation of response surfaces some general considerations and examples. Biometrics 10 16... 

Hampel FR (1980) Robuste Schdtzungen Ein anwendungsorientierter Uberblick. Biometr J 22 3... 

Allison PD (2002) Missing data. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA Andrews DF (1972) Plots of high dimensional data. Biometrics 28 125... 

Devlin B, Roeder K. Genomic control for association studies. Biometrics 1999 55[4] 997—1004. 

Some HS samples were also tested, either alone or in combination with some mutagenic compounds, for their possible antitoxic effect on the seedlings of some plant species. In particular (a) the sample ASHA at a concentration of 10 or 100 mg L-1, alone or in combination with 1 or 10 mg L 1 of ALA, was tested on T. turgidum and (b) samples SHHA, PHA, PFA, LHA, SHA and SFA at concentrations of 20 or 200 mg L-1, alone or in combination with 10 mg L 1 MH, were tested on V. faba. The antitoxic effect was evaluated by measuring some biometrical parameters such as... 

These are exciting findings, but there are some concerns about their validity. In the biometric analysis, taxon membership was operationalized with continuous measures, which are arguably inferior to dichotomous taxon membership (dichotomized Bayesian probabilities). This is because continuous measures are probably somewhat contaminated by the dimensional variance associated with the construct, whereas dichotomous taxon membership... 

Another challenge of the biometric findings comes from examining the taxon s stability (Watson, 2003). Watson examined the stability of the taxon over a three month interval in a sample of undergraduates (N = 465) and found that the DES-T was significantly less stable than measures of personality. For example, the stability of Neuroticism in this study was r =. 83, while the stability of the DES-T was only r =. 62. Bayesian membership had even lower stability (r =. 32), and the dichotomously scored taxon was unstable (r =. 29). The lack of stability raises a question about whether the dissociation taxon is really a product of early traumatic events. In fact, these data imply that the taxon reflects a qualitatively distinct but transient dissociative reaction, rather than a stable pathological experience. 

Let us examine how this interpretation fits with the biometric data. If the taxon simply reflects a transient reaction, it does not necessarily have to show strong associations with stable predispositions, such as inherited characteristics. However, it should covary with the presence of dissociation-provoking stressors, and adverse family environment is perhaps one of them. This account may or may not be able to explain the seeming inconsistency between the stability and biometric data. The issue needs to be explored in future studies, but it certainly highlights the importance of a thorough construct validation for newly discovered taxa. 

First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., St Williams, J. B. (1994). Structured clinical interview for DSM-1V-patient edition. (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0). New York Biometrics Research Department. 

Waller, N. G.,. Ross, C. A. (1997). The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population Taxometric and behavior genetic findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 499-510. 

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