Biomass development

The fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBT) (26) increases the capacity of existing plants. Primary effluent is passed upward through the columnar reactor filled with sand or carbon with sufficient velocity to fluidize the bed. An attached biomass develops on the bed particles. Intimate contact between the biomass and waste is provided and improved removals are reported. Oxygen is provided by a deep U-tube reactor. No biomass recirculation is required and a secondary clarifier is not necessary. 

BIOGAS A process for generating methane from wastes and biomass. Developed by the Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, since 1970, and demonstrated at Walt Disney World, Orlando, FL, in 1990. See also Biogas. 

There was no mortality in any of the treatments after 7 and 14 days. In the control and treated soil a significant increase of biomass compared to the start of the test was observed. In conclusion, soil mixtures containing compost exposed to Ecoflex had no adverse effects on earthworm survival and biomass development. 

Biomass development (Jordan 1985) and regeneration capacity (Uhl 1987) are not always clearly associated with differences in soil fertility, but they are certainly related to rates and patterns of nutrient cycling (Vitousek and Sanford 1986, Medina and Cuevas 1989, Tiessen et al. 1994b). On poor soils, nutrients may cycle without substantial losses from the system (Baillie 1989, Burnham 1989). In such dystrophic systems, organic matter and particularly the forest litter mat may play an essential role in conserving nutrients for sustaining forest produaion (Stark and Jordan 1978). 

The differences in amounts and distribution of total biomass reinforce the hypothesis of nutrient availability, especially P, being the overriding determinant for biomass development. Forests with similar amounts of aboveground biomass can differ up to 100 Mg ha"i in total biomass when the belowground component is also measured (Table 4.2). The biomass contribution of roots can vary between 9 to 20% in those forests. Root/shoot ratios can range between 6 and 33, suggesting that belowground biomass may be allocated to increase nutrient and/or water uptake. 

The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN) is the leading institute for renewable energy research in the Netherlands. One of the ECN priority research areas is biomass, in which the unit Biomass focuses on the thermal-conversion of biomass and residues (B R) to generate electricity and heat, liquid and gaseous fuels, and fine chemicals [14], ECN Biomass develops and operates installations for thermal conver-... 

K. Yamada et al., "Evaluation of Electric Power Generation System by Biomass", Developments in Thermochmical Biomass Conversion (Banff - Canada, 20-24 May, 1996), 1582-1589 (1996)... 

There is observed an increased production of the normal pigment constituents and of both the acyclic lycopene and the bicyclic beta-carotene in the fruits from treated plants with no indication of cyclic inhibition. At low concentrations DCPTA has been shown also to affect biomass development in tomato and other crops [8]. 

Table 3 shows that the new PBRs have profound effects on biomass and root formation in radish. Foliar treatment of radish resulted in greatly enhanced root and biomass development at crop harvest as compared with controls. 

Figure 8. Mycelial biomass developed in the cell lumen (X 94.5). From Ref. 40.

There is no single biomass for the energy industry. Rather, many companies are active in utilizing a variety of biomass resources. In most cases, the principal line of business of these companies is not biomass development but agricultural production, wood products manufacturing, distilling, and similar... 

Deurwaarder, E.P., Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass Development and operation of an integrated bio-SNG system, (n.d.). 

Table 4-10 provides chemical fractionaticm data for woody biomass, developed by Miller and Miller [34]. Note that the chemical fractionation tests were performed on a typical virgin wood sample. 

Ceron MC, Campos I, Sanchez JF, et al. 2008. Recovery of lutein from microalgae biomass development of a process for Scenedesmus almeriensis biomass. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 56 11761-11766. 

Elliott, D.C., et al., 2015. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass developments from batch to continuous process. Bioresource Technology 178 (0), 147—156. 

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