Sulphur containing gases

Pfeiffer contends that, in undeoxidised nickel at least, the low sulphur contents normally found are insufficient to cause grain-boundary embrittlement and that the latter is, generally, due to intergranular oxides. In the presence of sulphur-containing gases, however, the level of sulphur required. 

Adams, D. F., Koppe, R. K., Tuttle, W. N. Analysis of kraft-mill sulphur containing gases with gas-liquid chromatographic ionisation detectors. J. Air Pollution Control Assoc. 15, 31 (1965). — Gas Chromatog. Abstr. 1965, 892. 

Dc Souza, T.L.C., Lane, D.E. and Bhatia, S.P., 1975. Analysis of sulphur-containing gases by gas-solid chromatography on a specially treated Porapak QS column packing. Anal. Chcm., 47 543-544,... 

Farwcll, S.O. and Gluck, S.J., 1980. Glass surface dcactivants for sulphur-containing gases. Anal. Chcm.,52 1968-1971. 

Farwcll, S.O., Gluck, S.J., Bamesberger, W.L., Schuttc, T.M. and Adams, D.F., 1979. Determination of sulphur-containing gases by a deactivated cryogenic enrichment and capillary gas chromatographic system. Anal. Chem., 51 609-615. 

Katoh, H., Kuniyoshi, I., Hirai, M., and Shoda, M. (1995). Studies of the oxidation mechanism of sulphur-containing gases on wet activated carbon fibre. Appl. Catal. B Environ., 6, 255-62. 

It should be mentioned that the hydride-forming reaction is sensitive to certain poisons. Deactivation and rapid loss of capacity can occur with only monolayer exposure. Typical poisons include CO and sulphur containing gases. The poisoning is probably due to interference and prevention of the dissociation of the hydrogen molecule. 

With Cr203, neither sulphiding nor sulphur-containing gas phase additives, which also sulphided the surface, inhibited acetone deposition. This reflected the different mechanism involved in carbon deposition on this oxide such that whether the surface anion was either oxygen or sulphur, did not affect either acetone adsorption or the subsequent decomposition of the adsorbed molecules. 

Hydrodearomatization of sulphur and nitrogen containing gas oils on bimetallic catalysts... 

Figure 9.3 shows the gas chromatogram obtained for a sulphur containing sediment sample before and after treatment with tetrabutylammonium sulphate-sodium sulphate. It is seen that the effects of sulphur and sulphur containing organic compounds in the sample are completely eliminated by this treatment. 

The first major attempt at precombustion desulphurisation was in the coal gas industry and a number of efficient and effective techniques for removal of H2S, COS, CS2, mercaptans and other volatile sulphur containing products of the gasification process were developed. Many of these techniques found application in the subsequent development of sour natural gas processing where large volumes of hydrogen sulphide had to be removed from the hydrocarbon component. 

Off-gas from the coke burner ( -Gas) contains nitrogen, sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour and other trace contaminants. The -Gas is directed to the CO Boiler for incineration where sulphur compounds are converted to SO2. The Boiler flue gas is passed through electrostatic precipitators for particulate control and then emission to atmosphere. The CO Boiler also serves as the Sulphur Plant tail gas incinerator. Maximum sulphur emissions are 146 tonnes/day or 10.6% of sulphur contained in bitumen feed to the cokers. 

Garra and Muth [24] characterised cmde, semi-refined and refined oils by gas chromatography. Separation followed by dual-response detection (flame ionisation for hydrocarbons and flame photometric detection for sulphur-containing compounds) was used as a basis for identifying oil samples. By examination of chromatograms, it was shown that refinery oils can be artificially weathered so that the source of oil spills can be determined. 

The SCOT process provides an efficient way of removing sulphur-containing compounds from the tail gas of a conventional Claus reactor. The tail gas is heated to about 300°C and fed to a hydrogenation reactor, where all sulphur compounds in the gas are converted to H2S. Almost all H2S is removed in an absorber/stripper combination and fed back to the Claus plant. The off-gas from the absorber contains virtually no sulphur compounds (values as low as 500 ppm are reported [2]) and is incinerated in the Claus incinerator. A schematic diagram of the SCOT process is provided in Figure 2. 

Lamkin et al. [276] studied in detail the GC analysis of silylated methylthiohydantoins of all protein amino acids. They effected the silylation with BSA-acetonitrile (1 3) at 100°C for 10 min. They separated the products in a simple column packed with 2% of OV-17 on Gas-Chrom Q at 145—230°C, and Fig. 5.20 illustrates the results. The authors used a flame photometric detector, sensitive to sulphur-containing compounds, in order to ensure sensitive and selective detection. Minor incidental peaks that were often noticed during the analysis of the samples obtained by the Edman degradation of proteins with the use of an FID did not appear and the peak of the solvent was not detected. The baseline stability was good and the response was linear over a range of two orders of magnitude of concentration. Asn and Phe were the only unresolved pair Arg, as in previous instances, did not form a volatile derivative. 

When sulphur dioxide dissolves, the disulphide chemical bonds which result destroy the vitamin B or thiamine in foods by breaking up the protein molecules. Sulphurous acid, produced when sulphur dioxide is dissolved, may cause gastric irritation. Healthy people have no problem metabolising sulphur dioxide the kidneys and liver both produce enzymes which oxidise sulphites, but those with impaired kidney and liver may need to avoid sulphites. Foods containing sulphites may precipitate an asthmatic attack in asthma sufferers, who are very sensitive to the irritant effects of sulphur dioxide gas which may be liberated from the foods containing it and inhaled as the food is swallowed. It is one of the additives which the Hyperactive Children s Support Group recommends is eliminated from the diets of the children it represents. ... 

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