Biological surveys

R. Patrick and D. M. H. Martin, Biological Surveys andBiological Monitoringin Fresh Waters, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1974. 

Melack, J. M. Cooper, S. D. Holmes, R. W. Sickman, J. O. Kratz, K. Hopkins, P. Hardenbergh, H. Thiem, M. Meeker, L. Chemical and Biological Survey of Lakes and Streams Located in the Emerald Lake Watershed, Sequoia National Park Final Report A3-096-32 California Air Resources Board Sacramento, CA, 1987. 

Simionescu M, Gafencu A, Antohe F. Transcytosis of plasma macromolecules in endothelial cells a cell biological survey. Microsc Res Tech 2002 57(5) 269-88. 

LOE Line of evidence. A set of data and associated analysis that can be used, alone or in combination with other lines of evidence, to estimate risks. Each line of evidence is qualitatively different from any others used in the risk characterization. In ecotoxicological assessments, the most commonly used lines of evidence are based on 1) biological surveys, 2) toxicity tests of contaminated media, and 3) toxicity tests of individual chemicals. 

Biological surveys shall be fully integrated with toxicity and chemical-specific assessment methods in state water-quality programs. ... 

Biological surveys should be used together with whole-effluent and ambient toxicity testing, and chemical-specific analyses to assess attainment/nonattainment of designated aquatic life uses in state water-quality standards. ... 

Biological surveys in the receiving water or in the substrate of the receiving environment are important. These surveys are the definitive check on whether an ecosystem has been affected. Their use is a follow-up audit however, biotic surveys can hardly serve in a predictive mode to prevent damage, unlike toxicity tests. 

When biological survey data show a reduction in abundance, production or diversity, it is necessary to analyze the potential causes to see if there is an association with the apparent effects. The following procedure is used to carry out this analysis ... 

It is important to distinguish between assessment and measurement endpoints (Gaudet 1994). An assessment endpoint is an environmental value that has to be protected. If the risk assessment process results in an unacceptable risk for the defined environmental value, then risk reduction measures (e.g. remediation of site) are required. A measurement endpoint is a measurable environmental characteristic, such as the quantitative summary of the results of a toxicity test or a biological survey (Suter 1993). If assessment and measurement endpoints are not the same, it is necessary to constitute a quantitative relationship between these to enable the extrapolation of measured effects to the threatened environmental characteristic. 

Field biological surveys - conduct on-site studies of biota to evaluate possible impact at site (biological response pass/fail)... 

ISO/CD 19493 prEN Water Quality - Ouidancc on marine biological surveys on hard substrate communities CEN lead... 

According to her counterpart s message on the screen before her, one compound from the Idlest batch tested in the prrirnary assay shows the activity desired. It is also more potent than those substances turned up initially. Only a few weeks ago, her colleagues in biology surveyed nearly... 

Mitman, G. G., 1999. A Final Report Biological Survey of the Berkeley Pit Lake System. Mine Waste Technology Program Activity IV, Project 10. USEPA National Risk Management Lab, IAG ID DW89938513-01-0. 

Ride W D L (1978) Towards a national biological survey. Search, 9 73-82. 

To "take" is to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect a plant or animal of any threatened or endangered species. Harm includes significant habitat modification when it kills or injures a member of a listed species through impairment of essential behavior (e.g., nesting or reproduction). For any non-federal industrial activity, the burden is on the owner or operator to determine if an incidental take permit is needed. This is typically accomplished by contacting the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to determine whether any listed species are present or will potentially inhabit the project site. A biological survey may be required to determine whether protected species are present on the site and whether... 

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