Technological programs

Much has been published on ceria-based fuel cells however, to date, only Ceres Power Ltd., Crawly, UK, is developing SOFCs with ceria-based electrolytes, whereas numerous companies are developing SOFCs with zirconia-based electrolytes. Ceres Power Ltd. is developing a ceria-based electrolyte on a metal support, where the target operating temperature is 500-600 Ceres Power Ltd. is focus- 

From a publication by Huijsmans et it is also evident that the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN) has upscaled planar SOECs with a CeogCdo jOi 95 electrolyte and that these cells have been evaluated in the Sulzer Hexis concept. 

Based on a number of publications it is clear that the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) has a very ambitious initiative for SOFCs with ceria-based electrolytes. Most of the studies have focused on metal-supported (Hastelloy) SOFCs and a few of them have used traditional cermet structures. It is interesting to notice that even though the NRC clearly are aware of the internal shorting of the cells a strategy for handling this has not been presented. 

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US. Department of Uner Clean Coal Technology Program Update 1991, publication DOE/FE-0247P, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Washington, D.C. 

H. Axelsson, Centrifugal Separations—Principles and Techniques, Alfa Laval Separation, Tumba, Sweden, presented at the Bioprocess Technology Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., Oct. 17—25 1991. 

In the United States the Clean Coal Technology program was created to develop and demonstrate the technology needed to use coal in a more environmentally acceptable manner. Activities range from basic research and estabUshing integrated operation of new processes in pilot plants through demonstration with commercial-scale equipment. 

Bryan J. Ennis, Ph.D., President, E G Associates, and Adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Member and Chair of Powder Technology Programming Group of the Particle Technology Forum, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Section 20, Size Reduction and Size Enlargement)... 

Additionally, the EPA pubhshes a newsletter entitled Pollution Prevention News that contains information including EPA news, technologies, program updates, and case studies. The EPA s Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratoiy and the Center for Environmental Research Information has pubhshed several guidance documents, developed in cooperation with the California Department of Health Services. The manuals supplement generic waste reduction information presented in the EPA s Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual (Ref. 9). 

Eastman Chemical Company has operated a coal-to-methanol plant in Kingsport, Tennessee, since 1983. Two Texaco gasifiers (one is a backup) process 34 Mg/h (37 US ton/h) of coal to synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is converted to methanol by use of ICl methanol technology. Methanol is an intermediate for producing methyl acetate and acetic acid. The plant produces about 225 Gg/a (250,000 US ton/a) of acetic anhydride. As part of the DOE Clean Coal Technology Program, Air Products and Cnemicals, Inc., and Eastman Chemic Company are constructing a 9.8-Mg/h (260-US ton/d) slurry-phase reactor for the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol and dimethyl... 

Financial support for this work was provided by the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Project 110 437), the Austrian Ministery of Science (Project GZ 4.5.384), and by the U.S. - Czechoslovak Science and Technology Program (Project 95 018). 

Almeida, A. (1992). Energy-Efficient Motor Systems A Handbook on Technologies, Programs and Policy Opportunities. Washington, UC American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. 

Clean Coal Technology Program. (2000). Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy. . 

Advanced Technology Program National Institute of Standards and Technology... 

D-type WT boiler design Dual-amine technology program Dual-chelant programs Dual-temperature systems inhibitor requirements Ductile fracture... 

Second, partnerships between materials developers and end users must be facilitated and encouraged. In some cases, this step may mean an R D consortium between university researchers, a chemical or materials company, and a product manufacturer. The National Institute of Standards and Technology s Advanced Technology Program (NIST ATP) is a good model that should be expanded. Several projects that have been funded are examples of this integration of research-development-commercialization by universities, a materials supplier, and an end-user product manufacturer. 

Authors representing ANL acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Department of Energy, FreedomCAR Vehicle Technologies Program, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. Also, all authors are very grateful for the continued support of their DOE sponsor, Dr. Tien Duong. 

Department of Architecture, Building Technology Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA... 

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