Biological microbial enrichment

Many other methods for separating isotopes have been described. A partial list includes membrane and membrane pervaporation, thermal diffusion of liquids, mass diffusion, electrolysis and electro-migration, differential precipitation, solvent extraction, biological microbial enrichment, and more. Although not discussed in... 

In a recent paper Steinbuchel studied the biological attack of microorganisms on rubber materials to evaluate the possible contributions of biotechnology for the development and recycling of used rubber products. Adaptation of microbial enrichment cultures with tire crumb material for several months resulted in enhanced growth of microorganisms, especially for NR and SBR. 

CASRN 50471-44-8 molecular formula C12H9CI2NO3 FW 286.11 Biological Golovleva et al. (1991) studied the aerobic biodegradation of vinclozolin in the laboratory and under field conditions using enrichment cultures. Four of the 36 microbial strains isolated were the most active. These were Bacillus cereus 625/1, Bacillus brevis 625/2, Pseudomonas Huorescens 10/3, and 8/28. Under aerobic conditions. Bacillus cereus 625/1 and Pseudomonas Huorescens 8/28 utilized 87-90% vinclozolin as the sole carbon and energy source. Degradation products identified were 2((((3,5-dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)2-methyl)-3-bute-... 

Biotechnological transformation is powerful tool to effectively utilize a broad variety of plant oils, with the aim to modify their structure for the production of new lipid-based materials with demanded properties and functions. One method of plant oil transformation is based on the direct utilization by microorganisms. Employed oils can be converted to aimed compounds by submerged cultivation or oils, and/or oleaginous plant materials can be utilized during solid state fermentation to useful bioproducts enriched with demanded microbial products. Another biotransformation technique covers the enzymatic modification of oil components to structured lipids with biological properties. 

Gulis, V. Suberkropp, K. (2003c). Leaf litter decomposition and microbial activity in nutrient-enriched and unaltered reaches of a headwater stream. Freshwater Biology, 48, 123-34. 

Gulis, V., Rosemond, A. D., Suberkropp, K., Weyers, H. S. Benstead, J. P. (2004). Effects of nutrient enrichment on the decomposition of wood and associated microbial activity in streams. Freshwater Biology, 49, 1437 7. 

Chander, K., Brookes, P.C. and Harding, S.A. (1995) Microbial biomass dynamics following addition of metal-enriched sewage sludges to a sandy loam. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 27, 1409-1421. 

Investigation of the indigenous microbial consortiiun in the aquifer and the identification of the organisms by molecular biological methods in the environment might help to improve the selection of appropriate isotope enrichment factors suitable for the assessment of in-situ degradation at sites contaminated by fuel oxygenates. 

Biological. Sethimathan and Yoshida (1973a) isolated a Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC 27551) from rice paddy water that metabolized diazinon as the sole caibon source. Diazinonwas readily hydrolyzed to 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-ltydroxypyrimidine under aerobic conditions but less rapidly under anaerobic conditions. This bacterium as well as enrichment cultures isolated from a diazinon-treated rice field mineralized the hydrolysis product to carbon dioxide (Sethunathan and Pathak, 1971 Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973). Rosenberg and Alexander (1979) demonstrated that two strains of Pseudomonas grew on diazinon and produced diethyl phosphorothioate as the major end product. The rate of microbial degradation increased in the presence of an enzyme (parathion hydrolase), produced by a mixed culture of Pseudomonas sp. (Honeycutt et al., 1984). 

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