Biodegradable fibers

A. G., and Perkins, B. H., Biodegradable fibers for the controlled release of tetracycline in treatment of peridontal disease, Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater., 14, 289, 1987. Dunn, R. L., Lewis, D. H., and Beck, L. R., Fibrous polymer for the delivery of contraceptive steroids to the female reproductive tract, in Controlled Release of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals (D. H. Lewis, ed.). Plenum Press, New York, 1981, pp. 125-146. 

Yu, T.J. and Chu, C.C., 1993. Bicomponent vascular grafts consisting of synthetic biodegradable fibers. Part I. In vitro study. /. Biomed. Mater. Res., 27 1329-1339. 

Kim, T.G. Lee, D.S. Park, T.G. Controlled protein release from electrospun biodegradable fiber mesh composed of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly (ethylene oxide). Int. J. Pharm. 2007, 338 (1-2), 276-283. 

Many workers have used PyMS to study the structures of polymers, both natural and artificial. Understanding the performance of polymers in terms of cohesion and substrate adhesion is of immense commercial significance in the paint and adhesive industries. Similarly, the behavior of polymers under stress and when exposed to external factors such as ultraviolet light has been extensively studied by PyMS and is useful in the development of novel materials that have desirable properties, e.g., fire-retardant coatings and biodegradable fibers. There is much interest in polyhydroxyalkanoates as potentially biodegradable plastics, and PyMS has been a principal method used to study thermal degradation profiles of this material. Similarly, in forensic science, PyMS has been used to analyze fibers and to help match samples of automotive finishes to paint chips found at crime scenes. 

Wienforth F, Landrock A, Schindler C, Siegert J and Kirch W (2007), Smart textiles A new drug dehvery system for symptomatic treatment of a common cold , / CZm Pharmacol, 47(5), 653-658. DOI 10.1177/0091270007299927. Bomeman AF (2002), A comparison of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D,L-lac-tide co-glycohde) biodegradable fibers as drug delivery devices , MS thesis,The University of Texas, Arhngton. 

Lu, T Chen, X. Shi, Q. Wang, Y. Zhang, R Jing, X. The immobilization of proteins on biodegradable fibers via biotin-streptavidin bridges. Acta Biomater. 2008,4,1770-1777. 

Quigley AF, Razal JM, Thompson BC, Moulton SE, Kita M, Kennedy EL, et al. A conducting-polymer platform with biodegradable fibers for stimulation and guidance of axonal growth. Adv Mater 2009 21 4393-7. 

G. Schmack, B. Tandler, R. Vogel, R. Beyreuther, S. Jacobsen, H. G. Fritz, Biodegradable fibers of poly(L-lactide) produced by high-speed melt spinning and spin drawing. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 73, 2785-2797. 

M. Mochizuki, M. Hirami, Biodegradable fibers made from truly-biodegradable thermoplastics, in P. N. Prasad, E. Mark, T. J. Fai (Eds.), Polymers and Other Advanced Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1997, pp. 589-596. 

Shi X.Q., Ito H., Kikutani T Characterization on mixed-crystal structure and properties of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)biodegradable fibers, Po/>wier 46 (2005) 11442. 

Natural fibers, such as cotton, kenaf, coir, jute, flax, sisal, hemp, and wood, etc., become the first choice due to their biodegradabihty. Some synthetic biodegradable fibers have also been used for nonwoven apphcations, including cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate, rayon, lyoceU, etc., polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV), Biomax, Biopol, polytetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PTAT), etc., and water solubles such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), etc. 

Thus the target for biodegradable nonwovens is to replace synthetic fibers with biodegradable fibers in the disposable nonwovens. One group of disposable nonwovens is the wet laid pulp/polyester spunlaced fabrics mainly for industrial and professional wipe products. Another group of disposable nonwovens is... 

Fibers are the basic element of nonwovens world consumption of fibers in nonwoven production is 63% polypropylene, 23% polyester, 8% viscose rayon, 2% acrylic, 1.5% polyamide and 3% other high performance fibers [8]. The data in Fig. 10.4 shows the market share of important polymers and fibers in the nonwovens market. Manufacturers of nonwoven products can make use of almost any kind of fibers. These include traditional textile fibers, as well as recently developed hi-tech fibers. Future advancements will be in bicomponent fibers, micro-fibers (split bicomponent fibers or meltblown nonwovens), nano-fibers, biodegradable fibers, super-absorbent fibers and high performance fibers. The selection of raw fibers, to a considerable degree, determines the properties of the final nonwoven products. The selection of fibers also depends on customer requirement, cost, processability, changes of properties because of web formation and consolidation. The fibers can be in the form of filament, staple fiber or even yam. 

Fibers bonded with water-soluble polymers such as starches, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, etc. This may involve bonding of biodegradable fibers or films or other structures that will break down in the flush. 

JP Patent 2003,268,691, Wet-laid nonwoven fabrics comprising biodegradable fibers consisting of biodegradable polymers derived from sonrces other than wood and petroleum , Nakahara, Makoto, 2003. 

The most widely used reinforcements in nanocomposites are carbon nanotubes, layered clay, and nanoparticles. The most widely used polymer matrices are polyamides, nonpolar polymers, polyesters, epoxies, and polyurethane. However, this chapter will focus on nanocomposites which are made from both biodegradable fiber/fillers and biodegradable matrices, since only these composites truly justify the definition of eco-friendly and green nanocomposites. 

Starch-composites are biodegradable materials ready for a real industrial development starting from the applications of biodegradable films and foams. Polyesters are at an advanced level of application development and are promising in the sectors of biodegradable fibers, thermoformed items, rigid film etc. 

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