Bermudas

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Bermuda, 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

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Chemical composition data for CPM and FPM for a variety of locations are summarized in Table 5. These data illustrate several important points. First, the distributions of the PM q between CPM and FPM vary from about 0.4 to 0.7. Second, the ratio of PM q to TSP varies from 0.58 to 0.79. In general, both this ratio and the ratio of FPM to PM q tend to be higher at mral sites, but Bermuda, because of the large influence of sea salt in the CPM, is an exception. Sulfate (SO ), carbon (as organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, EC), and nitrate (NO3 ) compounds generally account for 70—80% of the FPM. In the eastern United States, compounds are the dominant species, although very Httie is emitted directiy into the atmosphere. Thus... 

Denver, Colo. Detroit, Mich. Long Beach, Calif. Claremont, Calif. Jacksonville, Fla. Blue Ridge Mts, Va. Lewes, Del. Bermuda... 

Bermuda grasses South and South Central states most promising of ah. warm-season grasses, especially for locahties with acid soils can be harvested several times per year... 

Bahia grasses Elorida and southern coastal plains competes with Bermuda grasses when fertilized effect on overall yield is in dispute... 

In 1952, Konrad Bloch and Robert Langdon showed conclusively that labeled squalene is synthesized rapidly from labeled acetate and also that cholesterol is derived from squalene. Langdon, a graduate student of Bloch s, performed the critical experiments in Bloch s laboratory at the University of Chicago, while Bloch spent the summer in Bermuda attempting to demonstrate that radioactively labeled squalene would be converted to cholesterol in shark livers. As Bloch himself admitted, All I was able to learn was that sharks of manageable length are very difficult to catch and their oily livers impossible to slice (Bloch, 1987). 

Because of the new political situation, Einstein changed his plans, arriving on October 17, 1933, in the United States to settle permanently in Princeton. Wliereafter he left that country only once, m 1935, to travel to Bermuda to make from there application for permanent residency in the United States. In 194(1 he became a U.S. citizen. 

The fireworm Odontosyllis is also common in the Turks and Caicos Islands and other places in the West Indies, in addition to Bermuda. 

Harvey (1952) demonstrated the luciferin-luciferase reaction with O. phosphorea collected at Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada, and with O. enopla from Bermuda. McElroy (1960) partially purified the luciferin, and found that the luminescence spectrum of the luciferin-luciferase reaction of O. enopla is identical to the fluorescence spectrum of the luciferin (A.max 510 nm), and also that the luciferin is auto-oxidized by molecular oxygen without light emission. Further investigation on the bioluminescence of Odontosyllis has been made by Shimomura etal. (1963d, 1964) and Trainor (1979). Although the phenomenon is well known, the chemical structure of the luciferin and the mechanism of the luminescence reaction have not been elucidated. 

Splash of fresh lemon juice Barritts Bermuda Stone ginger beer Lemon twist... 

A long-term study of tar on beaches of Bermuda indicated that the amount stranded did not differ significantly between 1971-72 and 1978-79 (34). A subsequent study, however, indicated that a significant decrease occurred between 1978-79 and 1982-83, implying that the quantity of tar in... 

Karl, D. M. and Michaels, A. F. (eds) (1996). Ocean Time-Series Results from the Hawaii and Bermuda Research Programs. Deep-Sea Res. II43,127-685. 

Alkali grass, alkali sacaton, bermuda grass, kallar grass, salt grass, weatgrass, wildrye Asparagus, date pabn Moderately tolerant... 

Elevated CO C4 plant compared with C, plant Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) Perennial ryegrass. Wheat (Triiicuni aesti-viim). 40. 41... 

Min GR, Edwards RL, Taylor FW, Recy J, Gallup CD, Beck JW (1995) Annual cycles of U/Ca in corals and U/Ca thermometry. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 59 2025-2042 Moore WS (1981) The thorium isotope content of ocean water. Earth Planet Sci Lett 53 419-426 Moran SB, Hoff JA, Edwards RL, Landing WM (1997) Distribution of Th-230 in the Laborador Sea and its relation to ventilation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 150 151-160 Muhs DR, Simmons KR, Steinke B (2002) Timing and warmth of the Last Interglacial period new U-series evidence from Hawaii and Bermuda and a new fossil compilation for North America. Qrrat Sci Rev 21 1355-1383... 

Harmon RS, Land LS, Mitterer RM, Garrett P, Schwarcz HP, Larson GJ (1981) Bermuda sea levels during the last irrterglacial. Natrrre 289 481-3... 

Harmon RS, Mitterer RM, Kriausakul N, Land LS, Schwarcz HP, Garrett P, Larson GJ, Vacher HL, Rowe M (1983) U-Series and amino-acid racemization geochronology of Bermuda Implications for eustatic sea-level fluctrration over the past 250,000 years. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 44 41-70 Harmon RS, Schwarcz HP (1981) Changes of H and 0 errrichment of meteoric water and Pleistocene glaciation. Natrrre 290 125-128... 

Phytodegradation Soils, groundwater, landfill leachate, land application of wastewater Herbicides (atrazine, alachlor) Aromatics (BTEX) Chlorinated aliphatics (TCE) Nutrients (NO, NH4+, PO3) Ammunition wastes (TNT, RDX) Phreatophyte trees (poplar, willow, cottonwood, aspen) Grasses (rye, Bermuda, sorghum, fescue) Legumes (clover, alfalfa, cowpeas)... 

Rhizodegradation Soils, sediments, land application of wastewater Organic compounds (TPH, PAHs, BTEX, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, PCBs) Phenolics releasers (mulberry, apple, osage orange) Grasses with fibrous roots (rye, fescue, Bermuda) for contaminants 0-3 ft deep Phreatophyte trees for 0-10 ft Aquatic plants for sediments... 

The site in Madera, CA, consisted of a tall fescue/rye mix. The Florida site, located in Keystone Heights, consisted of Bermuda grass. The Pennsylvania site, in Germansville, consisted of bluegrass. Thus, this study was performed on three major grass varieties in three distinctly different temperature zones in the U.S. 

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