Chemical composition data

Chemical composition data for CPM and FPM for a variety of locations are summarized in Table 5. These data illustrate several important points. First, the distributions of the PM q between CPM and FPM vary from about 0.4 to 0.7. Second, the ratio of PM q to TSP varies from 0.58 to 0.79. In general, both this ratio and the ratio of FPM to PM q tend to be higher at mral sites, but Bermuda, because of the large influence of sea salt in the CPM, is an exception. Sulfate (SO ), carbon (as organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, EC), and nitrate (NO3 ) compounds generally account for 70—80% of the FPM. In the eastern United States, compounds are the dominant species, although very Httie is emitted directiy into the atmosphere. Thus... 

Chemical Composition. Chemical compositional data iaclude proximate and ultimate analyses, measures of aromaticity and reactivity, elemental composition of ash, and trace metal compositions of fuel and ash. All of these characteristics impact the combustion processes associated with wastes as fuels. Table 4 presents an analysis of a variety of wood-waste fuels these energy sources have modest energy contents. 

The major purpose of ambient particulate sampling is to obtain mass concentration and chemical composition data, preferably as a function of particle diameter. This information is valuable for a variety of problems effects on human health, identification of particulate matter sources, understanding of atmospheric haze, and particle removal processes. 

An ultraviolet absorption detector was used In tandem with a differential refractometer detector to obtain chemical composition data (3, 5 6). 

Bulk chemical composition data of the Besshi-type deposits are summarized in Tables 2.23-2.25. 

Bulk chemical composition data of the Besshi-type deposits (Besshi), the seafloor sulfide deposits from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23°N (MAR), the Galapagos Spreading Center at 86 W (GSC) and the East Pacific Rise at 21 N (EPR) (Kase and Yamamoto, 1988)... 

Chemical Composition Data Sources for Plants, Feeds, Blood, Urine and Soils... 

There are several different approaches that are commonly used to determine particle size distributions in air. One of them, impaction, has been discussed earlier. Multistage impactors with different cut points are used extensively to obtain both mass and chemical composition data as a function of size for particles with diameters > 0.2 /xm. Others, including methods based on optical properties, electrical or aerodynamic mobility, and diffusion speeds, are described briefly in the following section. The condensation particle counter (CPC) is used as a detector in combination with some of these size-sorting methods. 

Gu J, Pitz M, Schnelle-Kreis J, Diemer J, Reller A, Zimmermann R, Soentgen J, Stoelzel M, Wichmann H-E, Peters A, Cyrys J (2011) Source apportionment of ambient particles comparison of positive matrix factorization analysis applied to particle size distribution and chemical composition data. Atmos Environ 45(10) 1849-1857... 

The basic increment approach described before has further been extended [3] to include chemical composition data (for the major compounds) as well as emission inventories for the corresponding areas. Using this data, the measured compound concentrations are apportioned according to the relative shares of the corresponding emissions for each environment. 

The problem mentioned before has led to the development of statistical receptor models (Fig. 3) which nowadays are the most widely used tools for PM source apportionment. They can be applied even to a single site and need a time series of PM mass concentrations and corresponding chemical composition data. Depending on the method, these analyses are based only on the receptor data or additionally use information on the chemical composition from the relevant emission sources (emission profiles). 

Draheim T (2012) Personal communication on chemical composition data from state environment agency of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern... 

It appears as though this compound, CxOy, is carbon monoxide (C + O = 12 + 16 = 28 g/mol). By using this technique, we are able to determine atomic mass, especially for the lighter elements. Even crude gas density experiments may be used along with chemical composition data and known atomic masses to establish molecular mass, which leads us to the molecular formula of a gas. 

Estimation of Fire Effluent Toxicity from Chemical Composition Data.460... 

The representation of chemical composition data in terms of free ionic and complex aqueous species is neither unique nor necessary to a thermodynamic description of the data (cf. Section 1.2). 

W. O. Kwan, B. R. Kowalski, Classification of wines by applying pattern recognition to chemical composition data, J. Food Sci., 43 (1978), 1320-1323. 

Table 6.3 Rearranged Chemical Composition Data of the Green Mice Springs Complex (meq/1)...

In a recent study, using multivariate statistical analysis of quantitative sensory descriptive analysis and precise chemical compositional data, Smyth et al. (2005) found that the importance of individual yeast esters to the aroma profile of wine can vary with the type of wine. In the case of unwooded Chardonnay wines, for... 

Results of factor analysis (varimax used in this chapter throughout) on chemical composition data for the surface siliceous oozes from the Wahine survey area (8°2(y N, 153° W 34 samples Calvert et al. (1978)) are shown in Figures 3(a) (factor... 

Tables III-XIV are organized geographically and list chemical composition data for woods from various countries. The data as published originally were of interest to the local pulp and paper industries. This compilation provides a worldwide view of wood composition. Most of the data were obtained using similar test methods (Tappi Standards). When it is known that other test methods were used, the method is footnoted in the tables. Most of the values reported from all sources had one or two figures beyond the decimal point. Except for the ether solubility and ash values (usually less than 1%), values have been rounded off to the nearest percent because this reflects the precision of the sampling and assay methods.

Table V. Supplementary Chemical Composition Data for South and Central American Hardwoods...

The chemical compositions of oil shales and oil shale kerogen have been studied extensively (20). However, little work has been done to integrate chemical composition data in order to aid in the selection of suitable extracting processes. In this study, five analysis methods were used to chemically characterize the samples. These methods included Rock-Eval analysis, Fischer analysis, Xi C NMR, Ultimate analysis, and X-ray diffraction mineral analysis. 

A three year study monitoring acid precipitation across Central Indiana has just been completed by the authors ( ) and the local International Rotary Club who donated the manpower for sample collection. Over 3000 individual samples were collected during approximately 300 individual precipitation events. Using acceptible analytical and statistical protocol, the samples were characterized by meteorological, physical, and trace chemical composition data to determine possible sources of the acidity. The study yielded pertinent environmental data that set the parameters for this work. 

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