Aliphatics chlorinated

Hasanen E, Soininen V, Pyysalo M, et al. 1979. The occurrence of aliphatic chlorine and bromine compound in automobile exhaust. Atmos Environ 13 1217-1219. 

Dieldrin—which belongs to the 12 POPs banned by the Stockholm convention and is in the same class of other pesticides named drins, such as aldrin and endrin—possesses six aliphatic chlorine atoms on a polycyclic skeleton. The multiphasic dechlorination, in the presence of A336, isooctane, aqueous KOH, Pd/C, and hydrogen, proceeded with a different selectivity and degree of dechlorination, depending on the choice of catalyst system, and base concentration. It always required the base and was favored by the presence of A336. It produced a mixture of products derived from the subsequent removal of chlorines, up to a small percentage of monochlorinated derivative. ... 

DDT—[ 1,1 -bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane]—could be hydrode-chlorintated completely, both with Pd/C and Raney-Ni, provided A336 was present. The aliphatic chlorines reacted faster than the aromatic ones, the first via base promoted elimination of HCl. ... 

Interfacial polycondensation can be also performed in dispersion (Example 4-13) For this purpose the solution of acid dichloride is dispersed in the aqueous solution of diamine by vigorous stirring (if necessary in the presence of a water-soluble dispersion stabilizer). The polycondensation then takes place at the surface of the droplets. Water is especially suitable as solvent for the diamine component, while aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons are best for the dicarbox-ylic acid dichlorides. 

Except for carbon tetrachloride, aliphatic chlorinated solvents cannot generally be employed since they react with the diazonium salt to generate chloroaromatics along with the expected fluoroaromatics (PhCl/PhF 46 54 in 1,2-dichloroethane5 and 66 34 in CHjClj11). 

Withey, J.R. Karpinski, K. (1985) The fetal distribution of some aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons in the rat after vapor phase exposure. Biol. Res. Preg., 6, 79-88... 

In the petroleum (qv) industry hydrogen bromide can serve as an alkylation catalyst. It is claimed as a catalyst in the controlled oxidation of aliphatic and alicydic hydrocarbons to ketones, acids, and peroxides (7,8). Applications of HBr with NH4Br (9) or with H2S and HQ (10) as promoters for the dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene have been described, and either HBr or HQ can be used in the vapor-phase ortho methylation of phenol with methanol over alumina (11). Various patents dealing with catalytic activity of HQ also cover the use of HBr. An important reaction of HBr in organic syntheses is the replacement of aliphatic chlorine by bromine in the presence of an aluminum catalyst (12). Small quantities of hydrobromic acid are employed in analytical chemistry. 

The chemical properties of the chlorobenzenes and chloroethylenes differ strikingly from those of saturated aliphatic chlorine compounds and of aromatic compounds with chlorine substituted in a side chain. For example, methyl chloride and benzyl chloride are hydrolyzed by boiling alkali, giving the corresponding alcohols, whereas chlorobenzene is not affected by this treatment. In general there is a pronounced diminution in reactivity of a chlorine atom adjacent to an aromatic nucleus or double bond. 

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Other Chlorinated Compounds. The substitution of chlorine atom for hydrogen in a compd greatly increases the anesthetic action of the derivative. In addn, the chlorine deriv is less specific than the parent hydrocarbon in its action, and may affect other tissues along with those of the central nervous system of this body. The chlorine deriv is generally quite toxic and may cause liver, heart Sc kidney damage. As a rule, unsaturated chlorine derivs are highly narcotic but less toxic than saturated derivs. Sax(Ref 4) has discussed in detail the toxicities Sc hazards of a number of chlorinated compds, including Chlorinated Diphenyls Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Aliphatic Chlorinated Naphthalenes Chlorinated Phenols Chlorinated Triphenyls others. 

Aliphatic chlorine compounds find some utility as flame retardants for styrenic polymers, but aromatic chlorine compounds are probably too stable to be effective [21]. Aliphatic bromine compounds are too thermally unstable for com-... 

SYNS ALIPHATIC CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS CHLORINATED HC, ALIPHATIC... 

ALIPHATIC and AROMATIC EPOXIDES see AFM250 ALIPHATIC CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS see... 

Chemical Description Aromatic Bromine Aliphatic Chlorine Lower smoke and lower cost than brominated flame retardants, used to flame retard polypropylene, polyethylene, SBR, unsaturated polyesters and fabrics. 

The copolymer has been described, and fully analyzed, by Wentworth and Sechrist in another context). This copolymer certainly does not contain isotactic sequences of AN units. Reaction of one CN group with the next within the same macromolecule is not very probable, since it is too far away. Nevertheless, there is a clear indication of the exothermic oligomerization reaction which is, however, preceded in this case by the endothermic dehydrochlorination, typical for aliphatic chlorinated compounds ... 

Polyolefin Foams. Antimony oxide/chlorowax combinations or other aliphatic chlorine sources are generally used to fire retard polyolefin foams. Because of the higher processing temperatures required (up to 280 C or 536°F), when using azo blowing agents, the antimony ox-ide/chlorine system is inadequate, and in these cases phosphorus-containing fire-retardant systems are preferred (38). 

Aliphatic chlorine flame retardants are represented by chloroparaffins, with chlorine content between 40 and 70%. They typically have a poor thermal resistance, as their dechlorination often starts at 180°C (356°F) hence, their application is restricted by polyethylenes and PVC. 

One mode of control of nematodes living in the soil is the application of volatile soil fumigants, the vapours of which attain in the air space of the soil a concentration sufficient to Icill them. The major part of these substances can be classified among the aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons. Their action is aspecihc, so that they cannot be used during the active vegetative period because they damage plants. Their most important representatives are bromomethane (1), 1,2-di-bromoethane (2), a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (3) and 1,2-dichloropropane... 

Throughout this series, the laboratory procedures closely follow those of the cited authors. As a result, many solvents are suggested that are either considered hazardous for one reason or another (e.g., benzene and aliphatic chlorinated solvents) or are no longer commercially available (e.g., carbon tetrachloride). The procedures described are believed to be reasonably reliable as given. The user will have to determine experimentally what modifications will be suitable for his purposes. 

Watrous WM, Plaa GL. 1972b. The nephrotoxicity of single and multiple doses of aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents in male mice. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 23 640-649. 

The only synthesis described [60], from Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie, involves three steps. The initial allylmagnesium bromide adds to the carbonyl double bond of 2-chloro-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanone to afford the corresponding alcohol (Scheme 17.11). The aliphatic chlorine is then substituted by the potassium salt of triazole and the tetrahydrofuran ring is formed by attack of the hydroxy group on the brominated double bond. 

Uses Solubilizer for perfumes in personal care prods., vitamin oils antiirritant in baby shampoos rinse aid in rayon finishing antistat and lubricant in textiles coemulsifier in dye carrier textile formulations emulsifier for pefrol. oils, fats, soivs., and waxes in household prods. spinning aid for nylon vise, modifier food pkg. adhesives, coating, paper, polymers, fexfiles food-contact defoamer and emulsifier Regulatory FDA 21CFR 172.515,175.105,175.300,176.180,176.210, 177.1210,177.2260,177.2800,178.3400 DOT nonregulated Properties Pale yel. oily liq. sol. in water, aromatic soivs. insol. in aliphatic, chlorinated, soivs. and oils sp.gr. 1.10 g/ml b.p. > 212 F HLB 16.7 sapon no. 40.0-50.0 hyd. no. %.0-108.0 flash no. (COC) > 300 F nonionic 97% cone. 

Brominated dimethyisulphone dialkyl ether Bromine/chlorine containing flame-retardant Blend aromatic bromine, aliphatic chlorine... 

Fig. 7. Raman spectra of homologous compounds of the aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon series (frequencies in cm ). One observes that comparing spectra of 2a to 10a the lines belonging to the valence frequencies are fixed in the same place, while the break frequency lines (around 400) are shifted.

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