Belgium

Belgium has an unusually high concentration of plants manufacturing plastics. In addition, the port of Antwerp has attracted a large number of petrochemical industries. 

In 2003, Belgium produced over 8070 kilotonnes of plastics worth EUR 6883 million. 

The last of the six Member States of the European Community who have significant industrial and environmental experience with GMOs, Belgium was in the least developed position in regards to implementation. Well into 1992, there was still no regulatory framework in place, nor had agreement been reached on the subject of competent authority status. 

Belgium s experience in GMO applications has been based entirely upon voluntary arrangements. This appears to have worked well all release trials have been notified in advance to the Department of Agriculture (crop plants) or the Department of Public Health (animal vaccines). The draft EC Directives were used as the basis of review, as have the OECD guidelines. 

Belgium s regional structure means that there are multiple ministries, all with legal competence. There was some reluctance to agree either a national authority or a national advisory committee in respect to the CUD or DRD. The latter part of 1992 had seen some progress towards implementation. 

The Labour Inspectorate (i Inspection du Trami ) is responsible for monitoring and enforcing frie H S legislation including that on OBLs 

Enforcement powers. Under Loi du 16 novembre 1972 concemmt Vmspection dk. 

The procedure and the measures taken during a special visit dq end mainly on the reason for this special visit. If fee special visit takes place because of a complaint, it is important to notice the person behind the complaint remains anonymous. Special visits are not announced and the inspector can take all the measures within his/her competence he/she thinks are necessary (including measurements etc.). 

Hmqitstelle fikr Unfall- und Bemfskrankheitmbek riqjfung - HUB. AHgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt. HtQ) //www.meta.fgov.be/pa/paa/ftmnesetfnOO.htm. 

Based on the results of the visit, all possible measures (from simple information up to the issue of penalties) can be performed. 

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D. Tsamtsakis, M. Wevers - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. 

U. Ewert, Y. Onel, U. Zscherpel, J. Stade - BAM, Germany. P. Willems -Agfa Gevaert, Belgium. 

P. Willems, B. Vaessen - Agfa Gevaert, Belgium. W. Hueck, VEBA 01, Germany. U. Ewert a.o., BAM, Berlin. 

D. Van Dyck, A. Sassov, E. Claes, T. Ceulemans - RUCA, Belgium. 

R. Rosseau, D. Degreve - Laborelec, Belgium. COMPUTER SIMULATION... 

Pierre Gaspard, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium... 

Western Europe UCB-Ptal SA (Belgium) Oostende, W. Vlaanderen 27... 

D. W. Ager and E. R. Dement, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solvent Extraction in Metallurgical Processes, Technologisch Instituut K. VIV, Antwerp, Belgium, 1972, p. 27. 

Erom 1920 to 1931, after the expiration of the viscose patents, world output increased from 14,000 to 225,000 t per year, as more than 100 companies entered the ceUulose fiber field. In Europe, Vereinigte Glanstoff Eabriken (VGE, Germany), Enka (HoUand), I. G. Earben (Germany), Snia Viscosa (Italy), Comptoir des Textiles Artificiels (CTA, Erance), Rhodiaceta (Erance), Tubize (Belgium), and ChatiUon (Italy) were among the new starters. 

The flax fiber from the aimual plant IJnum usitatissimum (flax family, Liuaceae) has been used siuce ancient times as the fiber for linen. The plant grows iu temperate, moderately moist climates, for example, iu Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, and Russia. The plant is also cultivated for its seed, from which linseed oil is produced. A by-product of the seed plant is the tow fiber used iu papermakiug. 

An important variation of this filter is based on replacing the rigid outer waU necessary for containing the feed and the cake on the rotating table by an endless mbber belt. The belt is held under tension and rotates with the table. It is in contact with the table rim except for the sector where the discharge screw is positioned, and where the belt is deflected away from the table to aUow the soHds to be pushed off the table. The cloth can also be washed in this section by high pressure water sprays. This filter, recendy developed in Belgium, is avaUable in sizes up to 250 m, operated at speeds of 2 minutes per revolution, and cake thicknesses up to 200 mm. 

The KDF filter was first tested in prototype on a coal mine in northern Germany. It was installed in parallel with existing vacuum filters and it produced filter cakes consistendy lower in moisture content by 5 to 7% than the vacuum filters. Two production models have been installed and operated on a coal mine in Belgium. The filter is controlled by a specially developed computer system this consists of two computers, one monitoring the function of the filter and all of the detection devices installed, and the other controlling the filtration process. The system allows optimization of the performance, automatic start-up or shut-down, and can be integrated into the control system of the whole coal washing plant. 

A. E. Ostermann and E. Pfleiderer, "AppHcation of the Principle of Cross-Flow in SoHd/Liquid Microfiltration," in the Proceedings of the Symposium on Economic Optimi tion Strategy in SolidjFiquid Separation Processes, SocifitH Beige de Filtration, Louvaine-la-Neuve, Belgium, Nov. 1981, pp. 123-138. 

E. D. Weil and A. M. Aaronson, "Phosphoms Flame Retardants—Meeting New Requirements," iu Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Flammability and Fire Retardants, Brussels, Belgium, July 1977, Technomic Publishing Co., Westport, Coim., 1978. 

Several countries have no specific flavor regulations, eg, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, France, Greece, Jamaica, Luxembourg, Norway,... 

SolefPMDF, Technical Brochure, Solvay Cie. SA, Bmssels, Belgium, 1987. 

Norway -Scotland -France -Belgium -Denmark -England and Wales Netherlands -Switzerland -Sweden -Spain -W. Germany -Italy -... 

Economic Aspects. Production of indium has been reported from Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Pern, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as countries in the CIS (the former Soviet Union) (5). 

Ionomer resins consisting of ethylene—methacrylic acid copolymers partially neutralized with sodium or zinc were commercially introduced in 1964 by Du Pont under the Sudyn trademark (1). More recently, a similar line of products, sold as Hi-Mdan resins, has been commercialized by Mitsui—Du Pont in Japan. lolon ionomeric resins, based on ethylene—acrylic acid, are produced by Exxon in Belgium. Ionomers containing about 1 mol % of carboxylate groups are offered by BP in Europe as Novex resins. Low molecular weight, waxy Aclyn ionomers are produced and sold by AHiedSignal. 

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