Behavioral specification for synthesis

Despite the large amount of work and despite standardization efforts, the use of HDLs for synthesis is still an unresolved issue. Although VHDL [36] has emerged as a standard for hardware specification, some questions remain as to its applicability as an input language for high-level synthesis. For example, it is unclear what class of applications should be described in a sequential or a functional style, for behavioral specification and synthesis. Furthermore, several language constructs, well suited for simulation, are difficult to synthesize (e.g., dynamic memoiy allocation and sensitivity lists [18]), or are not applicable for synthesis (e.g. assertions). 

Once bearing some substituents, the decrease of polarity of the sucrose derivatives makes them soluble in less-polar solvents, such as acetone or tert-butanol, in which some lipases are able to catalyze esterifications. Unlike proteases, which necessitate most often the use of an activated acyl donor (such as vinyl or trifluoroethyl esters), lipases are active with simple esters and even the parent carboxylic acids in the presence of a water scavenger. The selectivity of the lipase-catalyzed second esterification is specific for OH-6 allowing the synthesis of mixed T,6 -diesters.123,124 For some lipases, a chain-length dependence on the regiochemistry was observed.125 Selectively substituted monoesters were thus prepared and studied for their solution and thermotropic behavior.126,127 Combinations of enzyme-mediated and purely chemical esterifications led to a series of specifically substituted sucrose fatty acid diesters with variations in the chain length, the level of saturation, and the position on the sugar backbone. This allowed the impact of structural variations on thermotropic properties to be demonstrated (compare Section III.l).128... 

In Volume V of this series, syntheses were presented for coordination compounds of 2,2 -iminodipyridine [di-2-pyridylamine, NH(C6H4N)2] with copper(II) and cobalt-(II). Nickel(II) has also been shown to coordinate with this ligand. A similar behavior is exhibited by zinc salts, which form 1 1 derivatives if a 1 1 mol ratio of reactants is used. The specific choice of a solvent medium for synthesis is dictated by the solubility of the zinc compound. Either acetone or methanol may be used with zinc chloride, methanol with zinc acetate, and pyridine with zinc cyanide. 

Phospholipases are very versatile enzymes which allow the transformation of inexpensive natural products into highly valuable compounds like specific structurally defined phospholipids, organic monophosphates or diphosphates and DAG with the natural absolute configuration. Of particular synthetic utility is PLD from bacterial sources which is able to effect the phosphoryl transfer in a water-containing biphasic system. PLD shows a wide substrate specificity for both the polar head and the alcohol acceptors as well as for the lipophilic part of the molecule. The enzyme behaves like a generic phosphodiesterase with broad substrate specificity and high transphosphatidylation ability. The molecular basis of this behavior should become clear by inspection of the three-dimensional structure and comparison with other phosphoric acid ester hydrolytic enzymes. The crystal structure of this enzyme has not been elucidated. The potential of the many different PLD from plants which show peculiar substrate specificity should allow one to expand the synthetic utility to the hydrolysis-synthesis of natural and unnatural phosphatidylinositols. 

This protein has been found to be methylated immediately after its synthesis in fungi and higher plants (for a review see Paik, Polastro, and Kim, 1980). The products of the reaction are trimethyllysine residues at positions 72 and 86. The enzyme specific for methylation of lysine-72 has been purified from wheat germ (DiMaria, Kim, and Paik, 1982). Differences between the behavior of methylated and unmethylated cytochrome c suggest that methylation may lead to enhanced mitochondrial import and binding to the mitochondrial inner membrane (Park, Frost, Tuck, Ho, Kim, and Paik, 1987). 

In order to provide complete support for the high-level synthesis trajectory, many design problems must be addressed. We do not claim that the material presented in this book covers the complete path, and certainly not all target application domains or architecture styles. However, we do believe we have contributed to the solution of a number of the most crucial problems in the domains of architecture synthesis and the related issue of behavioral specification. 

This chapter summarizes the basic model concepts that are used for the initial specification, but that are also highly tuned towards the requirements of the subsequent architecture synthesis steps. In addition, the link to behavioral specification languages used within the synthesis environments is made, with emphasis on a Vhdl subset. 

N. Park and A. C. Parker. Sehwa, a software package for synthesis of pipelines from behavioral specifications. IEEE Trans, on Comp, aided Design, CAD-7, number 3, pages 356-370, Mar 1988. 

In the following section, we present the relevant parts of Mechatronic UML and give an overview of our synthesis approach. For the formalization of the approach, we give fundamental definitions for the input behavioral specifications in Section 3. In Section 4, we present the concept of composition rules which formalize interdependent concerns. These composition rules are applied within the automatic composition of protocol behavior, as defined by the synthesis algorithm in Section 5. As the effect of the application of a set of composition rules cannot be anticipated, the result of the synthesis can violate properties of the protocol behavior. Therefore, we present the check for role conformance in Section 6. Related work is discussed in Section 7 and at last we conclude with a summary and future work in Section 8. 

In the proposed approach, we formalize the specification of inter-role dependencies and further separate this specification fi-om the specification of pattern role behaviors in order to perform an automatic synthesis for the overall component behavior. Once the synthesis is performed, it is checked if the synthesized component behavior refines each of the particular pattern role behaviors properly. 

Nohl yung Park and Alice C. Parker, Sehwa A Software Package for Synthesis of Pipelines from Behavioral Specifications , IEEE Trans, on CAD, pages 356-370, March 1988. 

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