Language constructs

Using predefined language constructs in an infinite variety of contexts ... 

Comment FDA (1995) In programming languages, a language construct that allows explanatory text to be inserted into a program and that does not have any effect on the execution of the program. 

How NUMA is handled by an automatic parallelizing compiler that hides all complexity, by a data-driven model in which distribution of data between processors is made explicit but all data are referenced with the same language constructs (e.g.. High Performance FORTRAN), or by a subroutine interface to access distributed or remote data (e.g., Linda tuples) or it may be that no direct access is provided to remote data (e.g., message passing). 

There are considerable similarities between the components of the different generic modeling languages applied in this chapter. In particular, all of them provide language primitives for classes, relations, attributes, and instances (though named differently within the respective formalisms). For sake of clarity, we will use the term class to refer to classes as well as to concepts, frames, or similar language constructs (however named) in the remainder of this chapter. Similarly, the term relation is used to denote (inter)relations, properties, slots, and associations the term instance subsumes instances, individuals, and concrete objects alike. 

After link templates have been defined, operational forward, backward, and correspondence analysis rules can be derived following the TGG approach (see d) of Fig. 6.5). If the link templates are restricted to using only context and non-context nodes connected by edges, this derivation can be performed automatically. If further graph transformation language constructs (such as paths, set-valued nodes, etc.) are used, not all operational rules are deterministic. As non-determinism is not supported by our rule execution approach, in this case the TGG rules have to be postprocessed manually. This is done by the tool builder, as only few domain knowledge is required. Another manual task is necessary, if attribute assignments have been defined that cannot be inverted to match the derived rule s direction. 

In this section, we turn to examples of referential expressions, such as proper names and definite descriptions, for exposition of how Situation Theory can handle such semantic phenomena. Semantics of naming expressions gives essential contributions to semantics of larger, encompassing language constructions, e.g., such as sentences and upward to larger texts. However, it is important how those contributions are handled computationally, where is their proper placement in the semantic representations, all of which should also take into account the context and agent dependency of their semantics. 

Behavioral style All common procedural programming language constructs and abstract data types are supported the design is expressed as a set concurrent processes. This style has very poor performance for synthesis. 

The Language templates provide most of the language constructs in alphabetical order al vays, case,. .. 

Insertion of assembly and intrinsic subprograms. Intrinsic subprograms are built-in to the compiler provided for convenient access to any machine operations that provide special capabilities or efficiency and that are not otherwise available through the language constructs. Examples of such instructions include atomic read-modify-write operations, standard numeric functions, string manipulation operations, vector operations, direct operations on I/O ports, etc. 

The integration of various static analyzers into the HelenOS continuous integration process is underway. For the initial evaluation we have used Stanse [16] and Clang Analyzer [5]. Both of them showed to be moderately helpful to point out instances of unreachable dead code, use of language constructs which have ambiguous semantics in C and one case of possible NULL-pointer dereference. 

Specifications may be written in a formal language or in a non-formal language. A formal specification language has a well-defined syntax and semantics. A non-formal specification language is not to be confused with pure natural language just like proofs in mathematics textbooks, non-formal specifications use natural language constructs, but jointly with formal constructs that are introduced as the need arises [Le Charlier 85]. There are thus no predefined syntax and semantics. 

Despite the large amount of work and despite standardization efforts, the use of HDLs for synthesis is still an unresolved issue. Although VHDL [36] has emerged as a standard for hardware specification, some questions remain as to its applicability as an input language for high-level synthesis. For example, it is unclear what class of applications should be described in a sequential or a functional style, for behavioral specification and synthesis. Furthermore, several language constructs, well suited for simulation, are difficult to synthesize (e.g., dynamic memoiy allocation and sensitivity lists [18]), or are not applicable for synthesis (e.g. assertions). 

Although the majority of safety concept is can already be analyzed with our approach, we plan to cover the remaining language constructs in the pattern language of the safety contracts. On a larger time scale we plan to integrate also stochastical safety specifications in the approach, verifying if the implementation behaves es expected w.r.t quantified faults. 

FSV supports a rich subset of the language constructs provided by Simulink and STATEFLOW software. Therefore, we use the FSV-Formal Verification tool to process the overall Simulink schematic (system model and contracts) and perform the following Contract-based Analyses 1) safety analysis 2) coverage analysis. The results of the analyses consist in a text report showing if the contract is verified or violated. The evidence of a contract violation is eventually provided by a simulation trace through the generation of an executable Simulink test harness model. 

These language constructs should be orthogonal, allowing unique, unam-... 

Given is a set LC of input language constructs (variables, operations etc) as well as a symmetric incompatibility relation Efest between the elements of LG. Also given is a set HU of hardware units. 

The assignment of language constructs to hardware units influences the needed interconnect network. Therefore the assignment must also be done with respect to the expected cost of the interconnect network. To minimize the final results also with respect to the interconnect netwolc preferences are introduced. 

In the same way, when a convention for constraining repetition is discovered, it can be incorporated into a canon of axioms which are also known to halt. And thus it should be treated almost on the same level as a language construct which produces close-ended loops, because language constructs enforce the validity of the axiom structurally, while conventions require the programmer to manually follow the convention correctly. 

Programming languages such as C, Java or P d hon contain a fixed set of language construct and cannot easily be extended. The debuggers for such languages... 

A programming model, to define a limited subset of programming language constructs that can be automatically generated from the component model. 

Schema (RDFS). RDF(S) provides language constructs to formulate simple graphs containing class and property hierarchies as well as property restrictions. With its formal semantics, RDF(S) leaves no room for interpretation of what conclusions can be drawn from a given graph, thereby providing standard inference mechanisms for any RDF(S)-compliant graph. RDF(S) can, hence, be used as a language to model simple ontologies, but provides limited expressive means and is not suitable to formulate more complex knowledge (Hitzler et al. 2010). Examples for knowledge that cannot be formulated in RDF(S) are the phrases Each Module consists of at least one component and Components are either actuators or sensors.

VHDL is a parallel language, i.e. there is no implicit default sequential control flow as in software engineering. Each and every VHDL statement can be executed concurrently, unless otherwise specified. Constructs exist in VHDL for explicit sequential steps, but they are precisely that - explicit language constructs. 

The behavioural style architecture contains concurrent statements with sections of sequential statements that describe the outputs of the circuit at a discrete moment in time given particular inputs. While similar language constructs are often fotmd in dat ow and behavioural style architectures, only the latter explicitly exhibit the notions of time and control. This style describes the function of the circuit at the algorithmic level. 

This section presents a practical example of some of the language constructs introduced in section 4.2. The same approach is followed to the design... 

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