Hardware Specifics

The HPLC separation occurs when a mixture of compounds dissolved in a solvent may stay either in the solvent or go onto the packing material in the column. The choice is not a simple one since compounds have an affinity for both the solvent and the packing. In fact, separation occurs because different compounds have differing partition rates. Left to themselves, each compound would reach its own equilibrium composition in the solvent. However, we upset conditions by pumping fresh solvent down the column. The result is that the components with the highest partition affinity for the column packing stick the longest and wash out last. This differential wash-out or elution of compounds is the basis for the HPLC separation, a very simple technique that often requires complex equipment for its execution. 

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Systematic errors can occur anywhere in the design and implementation process or during the operational life of an SIS device. These errors put the SIS on the path to failure in spite of the design elements incorporated to achieve robust hardware and software systems. Systematic errors are minimized using work processes that address potential human errors in the SIS design and management (e.g., programming errors or hardware specification errors). 

Like the language of an electrical hardware specification, a formal specification (with diagrams and formal descriptions) is not directed at end users. 

The SPINE protocols also specify the interaction between the robotic hardware and the sample hardware. Specifically, the sample must be located 22 mm above the base that attaches the crystal to the robot. Precisely how samples are mounted on the base itself, however, is at the discretion of the user. 

Our final objective is to show new developments in microwave-technology hardware, specifically to illustrate examples of chemistry and new tools, such as plate-based systems, for improving the throughput of microwave-assisted library production. 

The hardware strategy should consider the preferred use of standard hardware components and the potential need for custom-made hardware. The category of hardware components required to meet user and design requirements will provide a guide to the level of hardware specification, design documentation, and development and testing records and will influence qualification activities. 

Operating system code availability Software/hardware specifications Software/hardware design practices Product design records Program coding standards System development records System test records Programming tools Control of nonoperational software Removal of dead code ... 

Verily the hardware specifications for routine and preventive maintenance. 

Hardware Specification Specific Defines the hardware and network architecture including server specifications, UPS, I/O subsystem and operating system, and application software versions... 

McMaster, M. C., Hardware specifics, in HPLC A Practical User s Guide, VCH, Weinheim, 1994, pp. 112-114. 

Proper functioning and performance of equipment play a major role in obtaining consistency, reliability and accuracy of analytical data. Therefore equipment should be properly selected, designed, installed, and operated, and the correct function and performance should be verified before and during operation. This holds for equipment hardware, computer hardware, hardware interfaces, and software and computer systems. Qualification of equipment hardware is well established and has been described by several authors [1-4], and typically users in analytical laboratories are quite familiar with testing equipment for hardware specifications. 

Figure 17.3 Proportional solenoid valve hardware specifications (courtesy of the Lee Co., Westbrook, CT).

The CD-ROMs are designed for use on a PC running Windows 95, 98, ME or 2000. We recommend the following as the minimum hardware specification processor memory (RAM) hard disk free space video resolution... 

This chapter covers hardware specific to blown film extrusion. It is organized by the order in which material flows through the extrusion line, beginning upstream of the extruder and proceeding through windup. 

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