Distiller’s grains

We consider a new, 40 million-gal ethanol facility built in the San Joaquin Valley. Feedstocks for the facility include corn and surplus fruit products. Coproducts include dried distiller s grain (DDG), and pomace, another animal feedstock. We assume that the facility operates throughout the year, using selected combinations of feedstock materials. The seasonality of biomass availability is demonstrated in Table 2. Corn and raisins are available throughout the year, because both crops can be stored after harvest (Table 2). Oranges also are available throughout the year, because we consider two varieties that are harvested at different times of the year. 

Measurement of Rheology of Distiller s Grain Slurries Using a Helical Impeller Viscometer... 

Index Entries Distiller s grain slurries rheologic properties wet grains calibration fluids helical impeller. 

During corn dry mill ethanol manufacturing, the most common method for ethanol production in North America, the primary byproduct is dried distiller s grain (DDG). As production increases to meet demand, the supply of DDG will significantly increase. Thus, ethanol producers need to modify their processes for the sake of profitability. Technological... 

Howeever, inaccuracies were apparent for non-Newtonian calibration fluids and distiller s grain slurries up to 10% of the full-scale torque. Therefore, only measurements above 10% and below 90% torque were utilized for guar gum solutions and distiller s grain slurries. The experiments were conducted at a constant temperature of 25 0.1°C. 

Fig. 3. Herschel-Bulkley model fit for distiller s grain slurries.

Herschel-Bulkley Parameters for Distiller s Grain Slurries... 

Currently, most biorefineries are based mainly on a single product line with potentially one or two byproducts. Thus, an ethanol plant produces ethanol from corn starch, with distiller s grain as a byproduct. Greater product flexibility and, consequently, greater opportunities for profitability would derive from a plant producing a variety of alcohols, especially higher alcohols whose market prices range from 0.77 to 1.87/kg. 

Conversion of Distiller s Grain into Fuel Alcohol and a Higher-Value Animal Feed by Dilute-Acid Pretreatment... 

Index Entries Distiller s grain corn dry-grind pretreatment enzymatic hydrolysis ethanol animal feed. 

The maj ority of these new plants are corn dry-grind ethanol plants. Approximately 2.5-2.7 gal of ethanol, 17.5 lb of dried distiller s grain (DDG), and 17 lb of carbon dioxide are produced from each bushel of corn processed through a corn dry mill (2). Since 1980, process improvements in enzymes, thermal-tolerant yeasts, molecular sieves, and cogeneration have achieved a 50% reduction in the energy required to produce ethanol from corn (2). Further improvements in efficiencies and reductions in production costs can be expected in the future. 

Currently 3.8 million t of distiller s grain (DG) per year is produced as a coproduct of corn dry mill ethanol production. This amount is expected to rise to 7 million t/yr when ethanol production reaches 5 billion gal/yr in... 

Figure 1 shows an elementary schematic diagram for process flows within a typical dry mill operation. A proposed process for converting the residual starch and fiber in wet DG into ethanol and HDG and hydrolyzed distiller s grain with solubles (HDGS) is shown schematically in Fig. 2. 

Knott, J., Shurson, J., and Gohil, J. (2003), Effects of the Nutrient Variability of Distiller s Solubles Within Ethanol Plants and the Amount of Distiller s Solubles Blended With Distiller s Grains on Fat, Protein and Phosphorus Content ofDDGS, (Website http // www.ddgs.umn.edu/research-quality/nutrientvariability.pdf). Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota. Last modified 9/11/03. 

Value-added co-product, Dried Distiller s Grains and Solubles—Higher protein content... 

Jacob, M. E., Parsons, G. L., Shelor, M. K., Fox, J. T., Drouillard, J. S., Thomson, D. U., Renter, D. G., and Nagaraja, T. G. (2008c). Feeding supplemental dried distiller s grains increases faecal shedding of Escherichia coU 0157 in experimentally inoculated calves. Zoonoses Public Health 55,125-132. 

Sugar beet pulp may be combined with other by-products such as distiller s grains (see Chapter 22). 

In distilling, the soluble materials may be extracted, as in brewing, or the whole mass fermented, the alcohol then being distilled off. The residue after filtration is sold as wet or dried distiller s grains. In Scotland, whisky distilleries are either malt or grain types (Fig. 22.4). The former use barley malt alone, whereas the latter use a mixture of cereals, which may include barley, maize, wheat and oats. 

Certain types of biomass have attracted research and industrial attention, since they are available in very large quantities and have low market value. They are algae, bagasse from sugarcane, dried distiller s grain, firewood, hemp, jatropha, maize (corn), manure, meat and bone meal, peat, rice hulls, silage, stover, and whey. 

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