Beach nourishment

As the beaches of Beidaihe are of great importance to the tourism of Qinhuangdao, the Bedidaihe District government has implemented the beach nourishment project since 2008 on West Beach, Middle Beach and East Beach (Kuang et al. 2010). Now an... 

Chen, J.Z., Wu, N. J. Zhu Z.C. 2006. Discussion on topographical change between before and after the artificial beach nourishment in Anping Harbor, China Technology, 70 50-57. (in Chinese). 

Dean, R.G. 2005. Beach Nourishment Benefits, Theory and Case Examples. NATO Science Series, Environmentally Friendly Coastal Protection. 

Hanson, H. Brampton, A. Capobianco M. et al. 2002. Beach nourishment projects, practices, and objectives—a European overview, Coastal Engineering, 47(2) 87-111. 

Kuang, C.P., Pan, Y. Zhang, Y. et al. 2010. Shoreline change modeling on emergency beach nourishment project on west beach of Beidaihe, China. China Ocean Engineering, 24(2) 277 289. 

Valverde, H.R. Trembanis, A C. Pilkey, O.H. 1999, Summary of beach nourishment episodes on the US East Coast barrier islands./ourraaio/ Coastal Research, 15(4) 1100-1118. 

Penfield, W.C. (1960). Oldest periodic beach nourishment project. Shore and Beach2% y. 47-55. Penfield, W.C. (1963). Your planning commissioner. Sacramento CA. 

Reducing flood probabilities. Measures include dike strengthening, beach nourishment, and widening rivers to increase their runoff capacity. Reducing flood probabilities will cause the FN-curve to shift downwards. 

Earth-moving plant for rock materials, beach nourishment and flood embankments, 67... 

Rclcvanl plant for rock materials and beach nourishment includes most types of earth-moving equipment. The more popular types are those which can ( raie readily on a beach, or near or on a breakwater (Figure 5.4). 

Dredgers are used for excavating the seabed and either dumping the material at sea or pumping it ashore, for land reclamation or beach nourishment (Figure 5.6). 

A beach nourishment scheme was imdertaken at a location where no local quay was available to provide ready all-tide access for work boats or safety boats. The nearest such access was several hours steaming away. Local site communications between shore and floating plant developed initially by using a beach-launched work boat. Tragically, the work boat was overturned during launching in unexceptional conditions and both of the crew drowned. 

A sea defence scheme included the placing of sand beach nourishment over rock armour. It was not appreciated at the time that voids remained in the buried armour, which only filled with sand slowly under tidal action. 

Artificial replenishment ot the shore by building beach tills is used either if it is economically preferable or if artificial barriers fail to defend the shore adequately from erosion. In fact, beach nourishment represents the only form of coastal protection that does not adversely affect other sectors of the coast. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to predict how frequently a beach should be renourished. Ideally, the beach fill used for renourishment should have a similar particle size distribution as the natural beach material. 

Soft Coastal Engineering Use of long-term, naturalistic tools, including beach nourishment and artificial dunes, to manage coastal areas. 

The only marine mining done in the United States as of 2010 is the dredging of sand and gravel for beach nourishment and oil and gas production in... 

Offshore sand is frequently used to replace the sand eroded from a beach in a process known as beach nourishment. The cost of dredging this sand can be high—as much as several million dollars a mile—and there is always a danger that the next storm will wash the sand away. 

McLachlan, Anton, and Alec Brown. The Ecology of Sandy Shores. Burlington, Mass. Elsevier/Academic Press, 2006. Discusses beach erosion and the problems caused by mining the beach and the offshore zone has an extensive treatment of beach nourishment and its environmental effects. 

Rice, Tony. Deep Ocean. Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2009. An excellent introduction to the deeji-ocean environment profusely illustrated, and with sections on oil and gas as well as the metal-rich nodules and sulfide crusts. Welland, Michael. Sand The Never-Ending Story. Berkeley University of California Press, 2009. A good summary of the ways sand is important several examples of beach nourishment are given, as well as examples of the problems that beach nourishment may cause. 

The basic tools of the coastal engineering are still fairly limited and comprise cross-shore structures (such as groins, jetties spurs, etc.) shore-parallel structures (offshore breakwaters, seawalls, revetments generally close to shoreline), and dikes, headland structmes, and artificial beach nourishment (see Fig. 20.2). 

Geotubes can form an individual structure in accordance with some functional requirements for the project but they can also be used complementary to the artificial beach nourishment to increase its lifetime. Especially for creating the perched beaches, the sand tubes can be an ideal, low-cost solution for constructing the submerged sill. d5,56 Qeotubes and geocontainers can also be used to store and isolate... 

CUR, Beach nourishments and shore parallel structures, R97-2, Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes (CUR), P.O.Box 420, Gouda, the Netherlands (1997). 

Most of the applications of geotextile containment in coastal engineering belong to this type of shore protection i.e., the containment is built directly along the shoreline to prevent erosion and to stabilize a beach-dune system during storm surge (Fig. 21.7). For this purpose, different types of containments have been applied, very often as a last defense line in combination with beach nourishment. 

An impressive example of the performance of such a last defense line behind a beach nourishment is the wrapped sand containment needle-punched composite geotextile (woven PP slit film and nonwoven PET) to reinforce a dune on the island of Sylt (North Sea, Germany) is shown in Fig. 21.8. 

Beach nourishment comprises the placement of large quantities of sediment in the nearshore to advance the shoreline seaward. The placement may extend the prenourishment beach seaward or occur as an offshore deposit with the expectation that... 

The benefits of beach nourishment can be fairly broad including improving recreational opportunities, providing protection against major storms, esthetics (beaches are more attractive than coastal armoring), and enhancement of ecologic functions, such as increasing habitat. 

The economic viability of beach nourishment depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to (1) the value of the upland that is to be protected including both the structures and the income producing value of a wide recreational beach (e.g.. Ref. 1), (2) the background erosion rate, (3) the availabihty of relatively low-cost quality sediment, and (4) the value of ecologic enhancements. Generally, the beaches most ideally suited for nourishment are those in which the value of the upland resources to be protected or enhanced are substantial and the background erosion is low such that with a moderate amount of sediment input, the system can be tipped back to neutrality. 

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