Pharmacy services

Like Medical Care, Nursing Care etcetera PC consists of core components the philosophy, the patient care process, and the practical management system to support the practice. PC was developed from Clinical Pharmacy Services (see below) with more focus on the patients need and on the practitioners (pharmacist) responsibilities towards the patient and the outcome of the drug therapy. To be able to show the improved process of care a categorisation system for drug-related problems was developed. The taxonomy has been further developed into seven categories (Cipolle et al. 1998). This can be used for practice and in studies. 

Pillai A, Thomas SS, Garg M (2004) The electronic immediate discharge document experience from the South West of Scotland. Inform Prim Care 12 67-73 Schumock GT, Meek PD, Ploetz PA, Vermeulen LC (1996) Economic evaluation of Clinical Pharmacy service - 1988-1995. Pharmacotherapy 16 1188-1208 Schumock GT, Butler MG, Meek PD, Ploetz PA, Vermeulen LC, Arondekar BW et al. (2003) Evidence of the economic benefit of clinical pharmacy service 1996-2000. Pharmacotherapy 23 113-132... 

Raehl, C.L., Bond, C.A., and Pitterle, M.E., Ambulatory pharmacy services affiliated with acute care hospitals. Pharmacotherapy, 13(6) 618-625 (1993). 

The MCQs method of assessing students is here to stay. MCQs are no longer regarded as an examination that constitutes a final handshake for those who have completed four years at university, passed all the tests, practised in the pharmacy service, gained experience and have received a good report from their mentor pharmacist. Indeed, a poor performance in this assessment may result in overall failure. 

Automated pharmacy services as they exist in several European countries also facilitate the study of drug use to a considerable extent. 

What evidence exists that a business perspective is critical to providing effective pharmacy services to patients ... 

Miller MJ, Ortmeier BG. 1995. Factors influencing the delivery of pharmacy services. Am Pbarm NS35 39. 

Smith WE. 1988. Excellence in the management of clinical pharmacy services. Am J Hosp Pharm 45 319. 

The hospital is growing rapidly and, as such, has become increasingly reliant of pharmacy services. Because of the many opportunities that confront the pharmacy department, the DOP has decided that the department should develop a plan to guide its priorities... 

Goal Develop an ongoing workload-monitoring system based on a system of pharmacy service units. 

Newberg DP, Banville RL. 1989. Strategic planning for pharmacy services in a community hospital. Am J Hosp Pharm 46 1819 ... 

Portner TS, Srnka QM, Gourley DR, et al. 1996. Comparison of Department of Veterans Affairs pharmacy services in 1992 and 1994 with strategic-planning goals. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 53 1032. 

The scenario begun in Chapter 3 continues here. In brief, Ted Thompson is a clinical pharmacist at a medium-sized community hospital. Ted has just finished participating in the process of developing astrate-gic plan for the pharmacy department. Included in the 5-year plan is a goal for the department to develop successful clinical pharmacy service programs and, where possible, to generate revenue from those programs. 

After his first year at the hospital, Ted has formulated several ideas for new clinical pharmacy services that the department could offer that might generate revenue. During his annual performance evaluation, he discusses these ideas with his boss, the director of pharmacy (DOP). The DOP is happy that Ted has come forward with his ideas and encourages him to investigate these options further. One idea that is of particular interest is to develop a service or business to provide consultant pharmacy services to area nursing homes. 

The DOP indicates that he thinks that the consultant pharmacy service idea is a good one. He suggests that Ted develop a business plan. Ted has heard of the term business plan before but really does not know what it entails. However, he is willing and prepared to learn and to do whatever is necessary to accomplish the proposed idea. 

What are the important components of a business plan of a proposed clinical pharmacy service ... 

Another way to identify primary literature of interest is to obtain systematic literature reviews that have been published. These reviews usually provide extensive citations and may categorize articles based on types of pharmacy services or other classifications that are of interest. A number of very comprehensive reviews have been published and are included in the reference list of this chapter (Hatoum and Akhras, 1993 Hatoum et al., 1986 Plumridge and Wojnar-Horton, 1998 Schumock et al., 1996, 2003 Willett et al., 1989). 

One Web site that may be particularly useful for gaining access to information on many different types of clinical pharmacy services is maintained by the Center for Pharmacoeconomic Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy. The site is called VClinRx, short for The Value of Clinical Pharmacy Services, and it is a searchable database of literature on clinical pharmacy services. It can be accessed at http //www.uic.edu/pharmacy/centers/ pharmacoeconomic research/. 

In the case of the proposed consultant pharmacy service (scenario), Ted should consider as competitors any other organizations that provide the same service (consultant pharmacy service). In the nursing home environment, local retail pharmacies or large regional or national long-term care pharmacies that provide medications to nursing homes may also provide consultant pharmacy services. In some cases, individual pharmacists provide these services to one or two homes on an independent consultant basis. 

The marketing strategy for the consultant pharmacy service (scenario) largely will depend on the current status of such services in area nursing homes. It is... 

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