Bag in the box

In the last few years, a rapid expansion in the use of high gas barrier plastic structures for food packaging has taken place. These structures include multilayer films, trays, bottles and cups, "bag in the box" and "bag in the barrel" type packages and laminated cartons. 

Trays are used for different shelf stable products, including meals. The bottles are used primarily for ketchup (but other products are on their way) the cups are used for sauces, vegetables and soups while the "bag in the box" and the laminated cartons are used primarily for aseptically packed juices and concentrates. Aseptic packaging has been used in Europe for many years. In the USA, this kind of packaging has become one of the fastest growing areas since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of hydrogen peroxide for sterilization of the polyetheylene (PE) contact surface (1). 

In this paper a review of our previous work on the effect of PE contacting surface in laminated cartons and of different high barrier films (in "Bag in the Box" type packages) on the shelf-life of citrus juices and the effect of d-limonene absorption on the properties of sealant films will be shown. 

Polyethylene films. In order to elucidate the effect of the polyethylene contact surface, and separate possible contribution by the carton itself, untreated and corona treated (oxidized) polyethylene strips, made of LDPE of similar properties to that used in PKL cartons, were immersed in model solutions. The model solution consisted of 10% sucrose, 0.3% citric acid, 0.1% ascorbic acid, 0.05/1 emulsified commercial orange oil and 0.1% potassium sorbate. Also strips of LDPE, from the inner liner of the "bag in the box" at a surface to volume ratio double the actual ratio in a 6 gallon bag, were inserted into glass jars, which were hot filled with orange juice and stored at 35°C. 

A high extrusion temperature, followed by corona treatment which causes oxidation, was used for the PE layer of the cartons, whereas the PE liner for the "bag in the box" is a LDPE extruded at a lower temperature and without corona treatment. This study, therefore, indicates that an oxidized polymer surface may accelerate reactions resulting in a reduced shelf-life. These results were confirmed by Durr (10) who presented the effect of high temperature extrusion lamination of an Ionomer on development of off-flavors. In recent years carton packs are coated with an additional layer of low temperature extruded PE in order to reduce the above effects. 

Orange juices aseptically packed in the "bag in the box" made from above films, were stored at 25 °C. Results of periodic tests made on these juices, as compared to juices packed aseptically in glass jars, are presented in Figures 11 - 13. 

Figure 11. Change of the ascorbic acid concentration in aseptic orange juice in "bag in the box" after transport simulation, stored at 25°C. (BLANK = GLASS).

Figure 1 1. Flaws in original metallized PET films from which the bag in the "bag in the box" package is made.

Packaging applications where oriented films perform best utilize either PVDC coatings, laminations to aluminum foil, polyethylene or ionomer film, and/or metallized structures. Applications include pouch and vacuum brick coffee packages, soft cookies, bag-in the-box packages, and snack-food packages. ... 

Material brought to the surface from a specified depth was collected In the box, bagged, and the successive lower horizon was subsequently bored and collected. While some contamination of lower samples by soil In the upper horizons was Inevitable, the method was potentially capable of Identifying the sampling level at which a pesticide first appeared. Soil sampling sites are described In Table II (see Figure 1, also). Analyses using... 

Colored fire compositions intended for burning in conical heaps or in trains are sometimes sold in paper bags but more commonly in boxes, usually cylindrical, of pasteboard, turned wood, or tinned iron. The mixtures are frequently burned in the boxes in... 

Hake a steel box approx. 6" deep and 12 by 12" on the sides. Just sides S bottom, no top. Solidly attach the box to the side of a vehicle with bolts or weld It in place. Hake sure it Is attached to something solid - remember that back blastl Hake up 2 sand bags, one 6 X 12 and the other about 10 X 12. Set the small bag in the bottom of the box and the larger bag into the back of the box. (The open end of the box should point outwards from the vehicle). Now set the claymore Into the box so that it is sitting on top of the small bag and against the large bag. Securely fasten the mine Into the box with wire or what ever is handy so it won t fall out as you drive down the road. 

To illustrate identification in workshops, I sometimes put a paper bag in the middle of the floor. There is nothing at all special about the bag— yet. An empty cardboard box does just as well. I then ask the workshop participants to focus their gaze and their attention on the bag and to try to identify with that bag, to think of it as me , to love the bag and attend to it the way they attend to themselves. This is no complex hypnotic induction or meditation procedure I just speak casually about this and repeat the instructions two or three times over a period of a minute. The participants are being asked to exert some voluntary control over the normally involuntary process of identification. 

Innovation in the fabric softener business not only focused on compositions, but also on packaging. As an alternative to plastic bottles, heat-sealed flexible polyethylene pouches were introduced to the market in the early 1980s [7], followed by several other containers free-standing flexible pouches with a solid base, different bag in a box rigid units, and refill cartons coated with chemically resistant polymers. These novelties led to a 40% reduction in plastic bottle consumption, the use of more biodegradable, renewable, easily recycled material, and a decrease in the packaging and distribution cost. New bottles made of 100% post consumer recycled plastic sandwiched between two layers of virgin resin also became available [7],... 

Specialist low volume systems. Formulation supplied to end user in a ready to apply form - no dilution necessary. Nomix hand lance system. Packaging of bag in a box type. Main applications in the local authority/amenity sector. 

Chemical munitions are placed in a cardboard box or carrier, preferably by robot but if need be, manually. The box is placed on an elevator for the SK2000 version or on a trolley conveyor for the smaller units and is transported to the top of the kiln. Leaking munitions are placed in an airtight plastic bag and then in the box before being loaded. Munitions that are already in a single round container can be loaded onto the conveyor or elevator while in the container. 

A process that somewhat bridges the gap between molded packaging and foam-in-place uses a fixture, rather than the actual product, to produce polyurethane cushions, encapsulated in polyethylene sheet, of the desired size and shape. As mentioned, foams can also be produced in bags rather than directly in the box, so that the product does not need to be surrounded by polyethylene. Polyurethane foams can be produced by extrusion methods, as well, but these are rarely used for packaging applications. 

Nylon films are used in lamination or coated form to ensure heat sealabiHty and enhance barrier properties. The largest uses are as thermoforming webs for twin-web processed meat and cheese packagiag under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. Other uses include bags for red meat, boil-ia-bags, bag-in-box for wine, and as the outer protective layer for aluminum foil in cookie and vacuum coffee packages. 

Succinic acid and succinic anhydride are sold in 25-kg net polyethylene (PE) bags having cardboard box protection for the anhydride, in 70-liter (50-kg net) fiber dmms, and in 55-gaHon (275-lb 125-kg net) dmms. The two products must be stored in a fresh, dry, ventilated area. Succinic anhydride must be carefully protected from moisture during transportation and storage to avoid hydrolysis to succinic acid. 

Coffee vacuum-packed in flexible, bag-in-box packages has gained wide acceptance in Europe. The inner liner, usually a plastic-laminated foil, is formed into a hard brick shape during the vacuum process (30). In the United States, a printed multilaminated flexible stmcture is used to form the brick pack which is sold as is at retail. These types of packages provide a barrier to moisture and oxygen similar to that of a metal can. 

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