Brick Shapes

The soft-mud process is used to make handmade btick. Mote water is added to the clay to make a thinner paste, typicaHy about 20 to 30% by weight of water. The resulting slurry is packed into molds that have a sand or water coating on them that acts as a release agent. The wet brick shapes ate removed from the molds when they have set up enough to handle and ate then stacked for drying and burning. 

Coffee vacuum-packed in flexible, bag-in-box packages has gained wide acceptance in Europe. The inner liner, usually a plastic-laminated foil, is formed into a hard brick shape during the vacuum process (30). In the United States, a printed multilaminated flexible stmcture is used to form the brick pack which is sold as is at retail. These types of packages provide a barrier to moisture and oxygen similar to that of a metal can. 

Typical brick-shaped cartons (aptly named briks ) are synonymous with the name of TetraPak and TetraBriks. Laminated board cartons have been available for 70 or more years for liquid products (Figure 9.6). Developed in the dairy market, they are a major packaging format for still drinks some markets are dominated by the single-serve brik and others by the multi-serve version. The other significant factor for these drinks cartons is that the system is available worldwide, making global production of new products much easier. 

Considerable variation in the amount of transverse and longitudinal parenchyma exists among hardwood species. For example, basswood has approximately the same as softwoods, that is about 10%, while some oak species approach k0% parenchyma. As in softwoods, the parenchyma are usually brick-shaped cells although some variations of this shape occurs. The rays, composed of transverse parenchyma, range from one to thirty-plus cells wide. The ray illustrated in Figure 18 is seven cells wide. Thus the higher parenchyma volume is due to wider rays and the additional presence of axial parenchyma which is rather rare in softwood species. 

The structure of etodolac has been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis [9]. Crystals of racemic etodolac were obtained by recrystallization from benzene-petroleum ether. A small brick shaped sample having approximate dimensions 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.3 mm was used for collecting three dimensional intensity data on a computer-controlled Picker FACS-I four circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromator. 

Brick-shaped or ovoid Poxviridae 130-375 Vaccinia virus... 

Epidermis is the outer covering tissue of a plant and is protective in function. Its cells may be brick-shaped, polygonal, equilateral or wavy in outline. Their outer walls are frequently lutinized (infiltrated with a waxy-like substance called cutin). Among the epidermal cells of leaves and young green stems may be found numerous pores or stomata (sing, stoma) surrounded by pairs of crescent-... 

For pure thermal insulation in very clean atmospheres, insulating refractories may be used. These types of refractories are normally very lightweight and can be purchased as brick shapes, as castables or refractory concretes, and as ceramic fiber. 

Bricks are commonly made in standard configurations known as straights, arches, keys, wedges, rotary kiln blocks, etc. Numerous guides are available from refractory suppliers which provide assistance in selection of standard brick shapes and combinations required to provide structurally sound linings. 

For handling and stacking, a brick shape giving a ratio of 3 1.5 1 is ideal. H tape or single strip sealing is usually applied to the top case flaps to exclude dirt and dust. The base flaps are less firmly closed, as it is often necessary to deposit the containers at the beginning of a production line by opening the base flaps. The bottles are usually inverted in the outers. 

Round containers such as drums, pails and buckets have a poor space utilisation. Although a cube offers best utilisation of space it is not necessarily the best shape for stacking, as load interlocking by pattern arrangement is either difficult or wasteful of space. Rectangular or brick shaped outers which fit the pallet dimensions are preferable. 

As a product of mental elaboration, rather than of direct sensory perception, shape is a concept that eludes simple quantification. Even the picture of intersecting atomic spheres is very complicated, and some numerical indices describing molecular shape need to be constructed. Cseif [8] is the ratio of molecular volume to that of the molecular box of Figure 12.3 it is called the self-packing coefficient and is equal to unity for a brick-shaped object and is very small for a branched object. Some ratios of moments of inertia can be taken, and compared with the same ratios for reference objects. For example [3] ... 

Dead-burned dolomite is used in the production of refractory bricks, shaped refractories and for monolithic refractories. High purity, low iron dolomite for brickmaking is generally sintered at temperatures of 1800 °C or higher (see section 16.9). A lower purity product (which is often pre-blended with 5 to 10 % of iron oxide to assist sintering) is used for fettling purposes. It is sintered at 1400 to 1600 °C. 

A first experiment to demonstrate the advantages of DTEGs is shown in Fig. 7.11 (Moos et al., 2011). Here, instead of a planar sensor, a small porous ceramic brick-shaped sample of Srllo.6Feo.40j g was measured, as described below. The thermopower, ri, and the resistance, R, were measured simultaneously (details in Rettig et al., 2005).The samples were kept at 700°C, 800°C and 900°C for 7 hours each. Within these 7 hours (duration of each run), the oxygen partial pressure was varied stepwise, and the final values of R and 17 were plotted. It is interesting to observe that the resistance characteristics... 

Brick lining protection can be used for many conditions that are severely corrosive even to high-alloy materials. It should be considered for tanks, vats, stacks, vessels, and other similar equipment items. Brick shapes commonly used for such construction are made of carbon, red shale, or acid-proof refractory materials. Carbon bricks are useful for handling alkaline conditions as well as acid, while the shale and the acid-proof refractory materials are used primarily for acid solutions. Carbon can also be used where sudden temperature changes are involved that would cause spalling of the other two materials. Red shale bricks generally are not used at temperatures above 118.88°C (300°F) because of poor spalling resistance. Acid-proof refractories are sometimes used at temperatures up to 871°C (1600°F). 

---