Automobiles test methods

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in Automobile Interiors... 

A long established series of test methods is published by the D30 committee of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). In addition, other. standards are produced by the Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) body, which are being replaced by ISO methods when published, and by various trade bodies such as the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE). In Europe, the EN Aerospace series is used for aerospace applications. The unofficial CRAG recommendations [1] from the U.K. were a welcome first attempt to draw together a consistent set of test methods. Further details of these methods are given in several reviews published by Sims [2-5]. 

Association of Automobile Industries Working Group on Test Methods for Paints, Comparison of outdoor and accelerated exposure methods , J Coatings Technol 1986 58(734) 57-65. 

The use of fiber composite elements in the load-bearing structure of automobiles (light construction) will mean practical, nondestructive testing methods for repair workshops. Considerable research remains to be done in this field. 

Test Methods. Field applications on a small scale and under especially stringent conditions accelerate possible failure. Traffic paints are tested by painting stripes across the lanes of traffic instead of parallel to traffic flow. Automobiles are driven on torture tracks with stretches of gravel, through water, under different climatic conditions. Sample packs of canned goods are made the linings are examined for failure and the contents evaluated for flavor after storage. 

ISO 5011 2014 Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors — Performance testing SAE J726 Air Cleaner Test Code JIS D 1612 Test methods of air cleaners for automobiles... 

A variety of problems with respect to outdoor weathering, however, require a laboratory testing method that provides paint manufacturers and automobile manufacturers, respectively, with reproducible results that correlate well with results under Jacksonville test conditions [226]. 

One way to achieve new installation control is to build and test prototype installations and allow the use of only replicates of an approved prototype. This is the method used in the United States for the control of emissions from new automobiles (Table 25-2). 

H2SO( concentration during use of a lead cell provides the basis for the convenient hydrometer test of the state of discharge of an automobile battery. The hydrometer measures the density of the electrolyte solution, thus indicating how much of the H2SOi has been consumed. Obviously, this method cannot be used to check an Edison cell since the electrolyte concentration is constant. 

The solution was applied to the surface of cold-rolled steel, dip-galvanized steel sheet, and aluminum strip for degreasing and passivating in a single operation at 40°C for 90 s. The surfaces were then lacquered (85-100 pm thickness) and tested in a salt-spray test for 480 h without showing subsurface migration and blistering. The method is especially useful in the automobile industry for coated sheet [191]. 

The existing test stand method and the standardized analytical process are powerful routine methods for delivering a reliable characterization of emissions in automobile interiors. The effects on the IAQ of changes in the interior furnishing can be followed precisely. When combined with emission-chamber measurements of single parts of the interior, components can be constantly improved and the quality of the materials for interior furnishings secured (Bauhof et ai, 1996 VDA, 2005). 

A commercial instrument by the Swiss company CSEM (now CSM) was tested in the course of a project at the Research Institute for Pigments and Paints (Forschungs-institut fur Pigmente und Lacke e.V. (FPL)). This instrument is based on the method developed at the DuPont Marshall Lab. Objective of the project - where manufacturers of paints, raw materials and automobiles worked together - was the evaluation of the CSEM nano-scratch-tester regarding reproducibility, accuracy and applicability under the aspect of a realistic determination of scratch resistance. 

The chemical concentration method can also be used outside the chromatographic scheme. For example [136], the exhaust gases from an automobile engine were passed through bubblers at the rate of 0.5-1.01/min, the total volume of the gas passed being 60—901. The bubblers contained 15 ml of a 15% solution of sodium bisulphite cooled with ice-water. The carbonyl compounds absorbed were isolated by treatment with sodium carbonate. The pairs formed on neutralization were trapped by diethyl ether and the test components were also extracted by diethyl ether from the aqueous solution during 3-4 h. 

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