Automatic fire systems

Started to rise from the reaction, causing the vessel bottom head to fail at the weld seam. The force from the escaping gases propelled the tank into the ceiling and overhead structural steel. A small fire erupted which was quickly brought under control by the automatic sprinkler system. Even though the chemists had reviewed the chemistry and did not anticipate any problems, use testing could have identified this problem in the laboratory rather than the plant. 

Provide automatic sprinkler system/inerting gas Provide deflagration vents Provide deflagration suppression system Monitor flammable atmosphere/fire Provide nitrogen blocks (nitrogen injection to stop flame propagation) or other explosion isolation measures... 

Withdrawn) 1987 AMD 3 Portable fire extinguishers (AMD 8585) dated 15 December 1995. Withdrawn, superseded by BS 7863 1996, BS 7867 1997 and BS EN 3-1 to 6 (Withdrawn) 1977 Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 1 Introduction. Withdrawn, superseded by BS EN 54-1 1996... 

AMD 1 Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 5 Heat sensitive detectors point detectors containing a static element (AMD 5762) dated 31 August 1988. Superseded BS 3116 Part 1 1970... 

Libberton, G. P., A. Bendell, L. A. Walls, and A. G. Cannon. Some Problems Associated with the Collection of Data for Automatic Fire Detection Systems on a Large Industrial Site. Proc. I Mech. E. Conference on Data Collection and Analysis for Reliability Assessment. London, England, 1986. 

Automatic fire ventilation See Smoke ventilation. Dilution ventilation A ventilation strategy whereby contaminants are allowed to escape into the ventilated space and are then diluted to an acceptable level by means of the ventilation system. 

Historically, military pyrotechnics had rheir origin as incendiaries. The Bible refers to the use of firebrands (Judges 15 4, 5) and to the action of water on naphtha and burnt lime (II Maccabees 20—36) (I Kings 18 31—38). Such self-igniting systems were known as automatic fire (Ref 130, p 5) and culminated in Greek Fire (Vo 7j HI 17). Crucial to the further develop-... 

The combustion of oil, gas, PF, wood dust, and many other types of fuels in a furnace requires specially designed burners together with an ignitor. Burners use solid state, automatic management systems to proportion and mix fuel, primary air, and secondary air prepare the mixture for combustion and monitor the firing sequence. 

I. Deviation from these distances requires l pro tective installations such as fixed focm system-., water spray, automatic sprinklers, fire-system grading yf 4 or better, or superior construction. 

For gas heaters, intelligent firing systems are the way ahead, which means improved combustion control due to automatic monitoring of the combustion process and closed-loop control at all times. 

The cabinet enclosure has hot water wash hoses with nozzles for any clean-up necessary, and contains both a manual and an automatic fire control system. Lexan plexiglass doors and windows are provided at the front or operating face of the enclosure for observation and access. All doors and enclosures are essentially air tight. 

NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation and Maintenance of Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems... 

All responsible organizations will have a fire protection program to protect their assets. For some, it may be fire extinguishers in the warehouse while for others it is a department of professionals supplementing numerous automatic fire detection and suppression systems. Due to the nature of the program, it is often necessary to involve several individuals, each having a specific, assigned responsibility. 

When the decision is made to install an automatic detection system, the fire/gas detection technology should be carefully selected to match the expected hazard and the environment in which it will be installed. The design and installation of a reliable fire/gas detection system in an industrial facility should only be done by experienced personnel. Otherwise, the facility owner may have an inappropriate system and may be plagued by nuisance alarms and high maintenance costs. 

The principal difference between a pre-action system and a standard dry pipe system is that in the pre-action system, the water supply valve is actuated independently of the opening of the sprinklers. The water supply valve is opened by the operation of an automatic fire detection system, which immediately allows water to enter the overhead piping. Then, when the fire generates enough heat to fuse the sprinkler head, water is immediately discharged on the fire as with a wet pipe system. This system reduces the inherent time lag of a dry pipe system, but can still be used in unheated areas. An example of a pre-action system is shown in Figure 7-26. 

Where water will create a serious fire or personnel hazard, a suitable nonwater automatic extinguishing system should be considered. Penetrations through fire-rated floor, ceiling, and wall assemblies by pipes, conduits, bus ducts, cables, wires, air ducts, pneumatic tubes and ducts, and similar building service equipment should be protected in accordance with NFPA 101 , Life Safety Code. All floor openings should be sealed or curbed to prevent liquid leakage to lower floors. Door assemblies in 1 -hour rated fire barriers should be y4-hour rated. Door assemblies in 2-hour rated fire barriers should be 1 V2-hour rated. 

NFPA. 1 997. Automatic Sprinkler Systems Ffandbook, 7th Ed. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

Fire Retardent Paints. Fire retardant paints are based on chlorinated rubber and chlorinated plasticizers with added SbO. These reduce the rate of spread of flames. Addn of NH4H2PO4, PE, or dicyandiamide produces an intumescent or swelling paint that forms a thick insulating layer over the surface to which it is applied when exposed to flames Fire retardant paints do not control fires and are no substitute for an automatic sprinkler system. They are best used where the only hazard is exposed, combustible, interior finish materials or in isolated buildings where sprinklers will not be installed. The paint must be applied at the rate specified on the container if spread thinner the proper... 

Schmidl C, Luisser M, Padouvas E, Lasselsberger L, Rzaca M, Cruz C, Handler M, Peng G, Bauer H, Puxbaum H (2011) Particulate and gaseous emission from manually and automatically fired small scale combustion systems. Atmos Environ 45 7443-7454... 

Halons are used in automatic fire-extinguishing systems, such as those located in flammable solvent storage areas, and in specialty fire extinguishers, such as those on aircraft. It has proven difficult to find substitutes for halons that have the same excellent performance characteristics. 

In the self-loading system the block or slide that moves backward and forward is stopped after each cycle and stays stopped until the trigger is pulled again. This mechanism can be modified so that the firearm continues to fire until either the ammunition is expended or the trigger released (automatic fire). Some firearms incorporate a selector lever, which allows them to deliver either a single shot or a burst of a preset number of shots, or to become fully automatic. 

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