Static elements

AMD 1 Components of automatic fire detection systems. Part 5 Heat sensitive detectors point detectors containing a static element (AMD 5762) dated 31 August 1988. Superseded BS 3116 Part 1 1970... 

M 72] [M 73] [P 65] The analysis of cross-sectional velocity profiles (water as fluid Re =12) shows that the intersecting structures have intricate gradient fields near the bars of the internals, while the helical device displays entrance and exit effects over more than one-quarter of the flow field (see [155] e.g. for fluid flow through macroscopic helical static elements) [2],... 

This barrier-embedded micro mixer was made with helical static elements, resembling the internals of a Kenics mixer, and barrier structures at the channel ceiling [3]. 

The static elements were internals of a circular T-pipe. The mixer realized had Kenics cells with helical elements twisted by 180°, giving a fully 3-D structure (see Figure 1.163) [3], Two barriers were placed on the wall of the pipe. Counterclockwise-and clockwise-rotated helical elements were alternately arranged. Four barriers were introduced in the pipe wall in each Kenics cell. For comparison, pipes with only helical elements (no barriers) and empty pipes (no internals) were also fabricated. 

Mixers in a flowing pipeline are of two general types, one utilizing static elements and the other using a rotating impeller. 

Attempts to use these kinds of devices on low-viscosity materials showed that the flows did not twist and curl in quite that same fashion. In the low-viscosity region, pressure drop is a key factor. The second type of static mixer gets pressure drop through controlled channels, different types of static elements, as well as random placement of baffles, blades, orifices, or other devices inside the pipeline. 

While mean atmospheric circulation patterns — the static element of the circulation in causing MBls — represent the large-scale conditions forming the guideway for quickly passing depressions, the dynamic element, consisting of the sequence of depressions moving over the area, represents the local conditions as causal factors of MBls. 

Static element/dynamic element Type of motion... 

The role of water in lattices is of great interest to the mineralogist and over 500 minerals contain water in more or less important bonding scenarios. The view of water as a static element within a mineral was challenged by several spectroscopic techniques including INS [10]. Especially in weakly bonding environments the water molecules are disordered and diffraction experiments are unable to determine the hydrogen positions, INS techniques can provide useful information in these circumstances. 

These interesting devices consist of a tube or duct within which static elements are installed to promote cross-channel flow. See Figure 8.5 and Section 8.7.2. Static mixers are quite effective in promoting radial mixing in laminar flow, but their geometry is too complex to allow solution of the convective diffusion equation on a routine basis. A review article by Thakur et al. (2003) provides some empirical correlations. The lack of published data prevents a priori designs that utilize static mixers, but the axial dispersion model is a reasonable way to correlate pilot plant data. Chapter 15 shows how Pe can be measured using inert tracers. 

To simplify the presentation, let us first assume that Gm = G/= 1. Then eqs. (21.9) and (21.10) will be the basis of the controller design. Each of the two process transfer functions, Gp(s) and Gd(s), has two elements (1) the static element, which corresponds to the static gain, and (2) the purely dynamic element, which is a function of s. Thus... 

At steady state, we retain only the static elements of the process transfer functions. Thus... 

This is a more complex subject since it is closely related to the dynamic behaviour of the generators, prime-movers, motors, loads and the control systems used with these machines. The static elements in an interconnected power system also have considerable effect on the transient responses of the machines in the system. 

Seismic stresses in the hexagonal fuel elements and reflector elements are obtained from Che two-dimensional finite-element code TUOD using Che maximum equivalent static element loads from CRUNCH-2D and MCOCO as input. The peak stress-to-sCrengCh ratio for the element is calculated and added to the peak stress-to-strength ratios for thermal and irradiation induced loads to obtain the maximum combined stress to strength ratio. This provides a conservative estimate of margin to failure. 

A syncho consisted of a static element (the Stator) and a rotating element within it (the rotor). Within the IRU, a field is set up in each of the three legs of the stator. This is as a result of the relative angle (pitch) of the Gyro connected to the Rotor... 

That is, the characteristic of a storage element is approximated by a piecewise constant function other bond graph elements are static elements. A 2-port transformer, for instance, takes two piecewise constant inputs... 

A dynamic mathematical model of the three-phase reactor system with catalyst particles in static elements was derived, which consists of the following ingredients simultaneous reaction and diffusion in porous catalyst particles plug flow and axial dispersion in the bulk gas and liquid phases effective mass transport and turbulence at the boundary domain of the metal network and a mass transfer model for the gas-liquid interface. 

Lakshnrirrarayatran (1997) also shows the procedure to apply PLS to Harmnerstein models, which describe a process in terms of a non-linear static element and a linear dyiramic ele-merrt. 

Indicators become dynamic elements of the interface that are updated in response to changes in the internal states of the simulation. Those elements that are neither controls nor indicators become static elements in the interface. 

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