Combustion Improver

J. D. Bailie and A. H. Zeit2, Jr., ia D. M. Considine, ed., Methjlgchpentadienjlmanganese Tricarbonjl Combustion Improver in Energy Technology Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1977. 

L. L. Upson, "CatalyticaHy Promoted Combustion Improves FCC Operations," paper No. AM 79-39 presented at the 1979 NPRH MnnualMeeting San Antonio, Tex., Mar. 1979. 

Control of oxides of nitrogen can be accomplished by catalysts or ab-sorbants, but most control systems have concentrated on changing the combustion process to reduce the formation of NOj. Improved burners, change in burner location, staged combustion, and low-temperature combustion utilizing fluidized-bed systems are all currently in use. These combustion improvement systems do not generate waste products, so no disposal problems exist. 

METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLMANGANESE TRICARBONYL Chemical Designations - Synonyms Combustion Improver C12 Chemical Formula C, 703Mn. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color Straw to dark orange Odor Faint, pleasant, herbaceous. 

Group II — Ramovol of Oxygen (Stability A Combustion Improvement]... 

Because there seldom is only one specific problem associated with the fuel being used, most fuel treatments are blends of active agents, such as combustion improvers and slag modifiers. In addition, fireside problems tend to be interrelated, so that, for example, inefficient fuel combustion leads to heavy sooting in the combustion area and dry smutting from the exit gases. 

NOTE Where smoke suppression is required (e.g., in a boiler fired on poor-quality heavy fuel oil) and a typical liquid combustion improver product is employed, to achieve a 35% reduction in unbumed particles may require the addition of 2/3 pint of additive per 2,500 gallons of fuel (approximately 0.33 liters per 10m3). Doubling the smoke particle reduction to 65%, however, may require triple the feed rate of the additive. 

These materials are essentially combustion improvers and tend to have fairly simple formulations (e.g., 3% copper chloride, 7% manganese chloride, 90% ammonium chloride). They are designed to change the crystalline structure within the clinker crystal lattice and raise the clinker eutectic point, thus minimizing the formation of noncombustible clinker, residual ash, and other deposits. Feed rates are approxiimately 0.5 to 2.0 lb per bone-dry ton. 

Combined Combustion Improver, Sludge Dispersant, and Fuel Stabilizer... 

Combination heating and power services Combined combustion improver, sludge 51... 

It is necessary to calibrate the 14C time scale for greater dating accuracy. However, the second-order variations are at least as important as the first-order constancy of atmospheric 14C. For example, they provide a record of prehistoric solar variations, changes in the Earth s dipole moment and an insight into the fate of C02 from fossil fuel combustion. Improved techniques are needed that will enable the precise measurement of small cellulose samples from single tree rings. The tandem accelerator mass spectrometer (TAMS) may fill this need. 

US Navy Smoke Abatement Additive Combustion Improver No 2 (Cl-2). COMNAVAIR-PACNOTE 470, NAVAIRPAC 742, Sec 1, P2... 

In aircraft jet fuels, for example, especially those for aircraft of the supersonic type, the chief problem so far encountered has been thermal stability prior to combustion. The fuel must be used as a cooling agent, and the resultant exposure to heat accelerates the formation of gum and sediment. These cause plugging of filters and fuel nozzles, and lacquering of heat-exchanger surfaces. Research to date has indicated that some additives are effective in improving jet-fuel stability (52), especially if the fuel has first been rigorously refined, but these additives are not combustion improvers in the sense discussed in this paper. 

Unleaded gasolines, in use today, comprise higher concentrations of BTEX compounds (Fig. 6.3) and branched chain hydrocarbons. Oxygenated additives such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), methanol and ethanol are also used as antiknock and combustion improvers. 

Cobalt has been reported in the ppb range in surveys of crude oil metals content (1, 2, 3). The cobalt compounds in crude oils are relatively nonvolatile and are concentrated in the residual fractions during refining. Certain motor and heating fuels may contain traces of cobalt introduced in removal of mercaptans. Other fuels may contain traces of cobalt introduced in compounds used as combustion improvers to reduce smoke and soot formation. 

USE In antifouling compositions as emulsifier and dis -persing agent as antioxidant in lubricating oils as combustion-improver in fuel oils as stabilizer for amide polymers as catalyst. 

AI3-61450 AK-33X Antiknock-33 CI-2 Combustion improver -2 EINECS 235-166-5 HSDB 2014 Manganese, (methylcyclopentadienyl)tricarbonyl- Man-ganese, trioarbonyl methylcyclopentadienyl Methyl-cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl Methyl-cykiopentadientrikarbonylmanganium ... 

Regarding the D.I. engines, noise reduction occurs through mechanical and combustion improvements. For mechanical noise the piston slap phenomenon (a vibration created by the piston to cylinder shock when the piston travels, near T.D.C., from left to riglit) decreases after better adjustment of clearance, shape... 

Synonyms/Trade Names CI-2, Combustion Improver-2, Manganese tricarbonylmethylcyclopentadienyl, 2-Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, MMT ... 

Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt (II) Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Cobalt (II) Sulfate Coconut Butter Coconut Oil Cocoil Cocoil Collodion Cologne Spirit Colonial Spirit Columbian Spirit Combustion Improver C12... 

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