Customs authorities

What is an engineering standard Webster s New International Dictionary contains the following definition Standard That which is established by authority, custom, or general consent, as a model or example, criteria, text. In general, a definitive level, degree, material, character, quality, or the like, viewed as that which is proper and adequate for a given purpose. 

Webster s Dictionary defines a standard as something established by authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example and states that standard applies to any definite rule, principle, or measure established by authority (standards of behavior) (Webster s, 2003). From a contemporary managerial perspective, standards of conduct for a pharmacist and for the operation of a pharmacy are derived both from laws and from professional standards or values. Standards for professional conduct and the operation of a pharmacy, whether stated formally in statutes and regulations or present in professional codes of ethics, are important for managers to understand and apply. Violations of these standards can affect the licensure status of a pharmacy practice site and/or its pharmacists, may result in litigation if a patient is harmed subsequent to a violation, and in the most serious cases can result in criminal prosecution. Both criminal prosecution and civil liability resulted in the case of Robert Courtney, the pharmacist discussed in the scenario. Courtney was sentenced to 30 years in prison, fined 25,000, and ordered to pay 10.4 million in restitution to the patients and families affected. These penalties were in addition to the civil judgment of 2.2 billion (Stafford, 2002). 

Emergency communications. Another thing to consider are the functions your facility might need to perform in an emergency and the communications systems needed to support them. Specifically, you should detail how your organization plans to communicate with employees, local authorities, customers, and others during and after an emergency situation. 

There have been many more basis sets developed, but the list above enumerates the most widely used ones. Some of these sets were the work of many different authors and later improved. This sometimes results in different programs using the same name for two slightly different sets. It is also possible to combine basis sets or modify them, wliich can result in either poor or excellent results, depending on how expertly it is done. How to customize basis sets is discussed in Chapter 28. 

Proprietary Solvents and Special Industrial Solvents. Proprietary solvents and special industrial solvents are made with specially denatured alcohols according to the formulas authorized by the BATE. They can be purchased by customers without payment of tax, without posting a bond for tax, and without securing a permit from the BATE. SuppHers are required, however, to notify the BATE of the name, address, type of business, and approximate annual requirements and intended end use for any user buying in bulk. 

Sometimes a compromise in the quality of the inputs (perhaps due to non-availability of a particular component to the required specification) may be necessory to avoid a production delay. Similar constraints in the design or process may also make it necessary to have a deviation in design, without undermining the quality requirements. The ISO emphasizes that, for such deviations, written authorization from a competent authority, and preferably also the written consent of the customer, is essential before implementing sueh a change. This will be for a specific period and for a specific number of items. 

This section covers only the tests that are essential on a completed motor, irrespective of the manufacturing procedure and stage quality checks. If ISO 9000 guidelines are assimilated, practised and enforced by a manufacturer so that a customer s trust is obtained, a final pre-despatch inspection by the customer may not be necessary. The customer, having gained confidence in the practices and Quality Assurance Systems of the manufacturer, may issue an authorization to the manufacturer to despatch the material under their own inspection certificate, rather than an inspection by the customer. We discuss below the test requirements procedure and the acceptance norms prescribed by various national and international standards for such machines and adopted by various manufacturers. 

Job specifications should be reviewed. For larger sites job specifications may be many inches thick, and for small sites job specifications may not exist. For those sites where job specifications do exist, they should be studied in detail. The specifications will typically supply the author(s) of the HASP with pertinent information about the customer requirements. 

Continuous monitoring of emission gases is necessary to ascertain that the emissions from a production unit remain within the limit values. - The limit value for SO2 in Finland is 4 kg or less per tonne of pulp produced. The authorities often require plants to continuously monitor the main emissions. Information on the environmental load generated hy a production unit is available to customers upon request. This information is also used for the environmental management of the plant. 

Authorization to provide the final report to the lATF shall be specified in the certification contract. The auditor needs to advise the supplier at the Closing Meeting that a copy of the full report will be supplied to the lATF This also implies that the lATF is the auditor s customer. 

Have individuals been appointed who have authority to represent the customer in internal functions ... 

Have all shifts been staffed with personnel with authority for accepting product as meeting customer requirements ... 

Obtaining authorization to deviate from customer approved specifications (clause 4.13.4)... 

Whom have you appointed as your customer representatives and what responsibility and authority have you given them ... 

The authority and responsibility of those who are permitted to interface with the customer... 

The standard requires all design changes to be reviewed and approved bp authorized personnel before their implementation (including changes to proprietary designs). The standard also requires the supplier to address the impact of a design change on the systems in which the product is used, the customer assembly process, and other related products and systems. 

Timely review means days, not weeks or months - therefore immediately a new customer document is received, it should be routed to a person authorized through procedures to carry out a review. It would be advantageous to set up an interface with your customers so that their documents are always routed to the same position in your company. The review should establish the applicability of the document and its impact on the contract. Any changed documents should be treated as an amendment to the contract and processed accordingly. 

Not all product intended for delivery may in fact have passed the required inspections and tests as the customer may have waived some of the requirements for that particular delivery. Hence the reference to release under an authorized concession. Identifying product correctly will help preclude any unidentified or nonconforming product from being delivered, used, or installed. However, the only way to make certain is to remove them from areas where they may be inadvertently dispatched, used, or installed. 

Although the standard does not recognize any classification of nonconformities, the practical application of nonconformity controls requires controls to be balanced with the severity of the nonconformity. It is not necessary to seek concessions from a customer against requirements that have not been specified, or seek design authority approval for workmanship imperfections. The definition of the term defect in ISO 8402, and the fact that there are many requirements other than those specified in a contract or needed to satisfy market needs, demands that it is sensible to classify nonconformities into three categories ... 

The standard requires prior written customer authorization whenever the product or process is different from that currently approved. 

Concessions are any relaxations granted by the customer, design authority, inspection authority, or other body authorized to accept nonconforming product. 

A problem you may find is that the customer changes the order quantity or the delivery date after you have scheduled production and the only way you can meet the prescribed schedule is to pay a premium for shipment. Providing you notify the customer in advance and obtain authorization to alter the mode of transportation there should not be a problem. However, you need a process in place to ensure this happens. 

Wynn (1992, 1993) have presented sliort-eut studies of solids proeess flowslieet-ing. Custom-written software to solve the model equations has been used by a number of authors. It has also been proposed that symbolie manipulation paekages, like Mathematiea, ean be used to solve the population balanee equations as a stand-alone modelling environment or as a set of modules to be linked to a generie proeess simulation paekage sueh as SPEEDUP (Hounslow, 1989 Sheikh and Jones, 1996). 

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