Specially Denatures Alcohols

To every 100 gallons o( alootiol add Melh Akxm, gallons Oenatonium Bmoate. N.F. avdp oz Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, gallons Benzene, gallons 

Rubber Hydrocarbon Solvent, gallons Toluene. Ilons Metallic Sodium, pounds 

Specific gravity i5.56°C, 15.56 C (60 F 60 F) 20 C 20°C 25 C 25- C Acidity. wVwl% as acetic acid Non-volatile matter, grams 100 ml Color, Pt-Co Water content, vol/vol °o Odor 

Ethyl Alcohol Methyl Alcohol Oenatonium Benzoate Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Benzene 

Pounds per gallon 60 F per 27 CFR 212 115 Shipping containers Tank cars Tank trucks Drums Pails 

---

Miscellaneous Derivatives. Other derivatives of toluene, none of which is estimated to consume more than ca 3000 t (10 gal) of toluene aimuaHy, are mono- and dinitrotoluene hydrogenated to amines ben2otrich1 oride and chlorotoluene, both used as dye intermediates / 7-butylben2oic acid from / 7-butyltoluene, used as a resin modifier dodecyltoluene converted to a ben2yl quaternary ammonium salt for use as a germicide and biphenyl, obtained as by-product during demethylation, used in specialty chemicals. Toluene is also used as a denaturant in specially denatured alcohol (SDA) formulas 2-B and 12-A. 

Proprietary Solvents and Special Industrial Solvents. Proprietary solvents and special industrial solvents are made with specially denatured alcohols according to the formulas authorized by the BATE. They can be purchased by customers without payment of tax, without posting a bond for tax, and without securing a permit from the BATE. SuppHers are required, however, to notify the BATE of the name, address, type of business, and approximate annual requirements and intended end use for any user buying in bulk. 

Specially Denatured Alcohol. Specially denatured alcohols (SDA) are formulations of ethanol containing denaturant substances that generally render them unfit for beverage use but do not limit their use in specified appHcations. To use a specially denatured alcohol, a manufacturer must apply to the BATE, giving quantitative formulas and processes. Specimen labels and a sample of the finished product are also required. Then, the prospective user must obtain a bond for the total amount of specially denatured alcohol on hand or in transit at any given time. 

When used in products not licensed for drinking, ethanol usually occurs in the form of denatured alcohol, or specially denatured alcohol—alcohol that has been rendered unfit for drinking. You will often see SD alcohol mentioned on a label, sometimes followed by a number and letter, such as 40-B. This is the designation given by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms to the denaturing method used. For example, SD-40 is ethanol denatured by adding tiny amounts of the most bitter-tasting substance known denatonium benzoate. 

Denatonium benzoate is the bitterest-tasting substance known. It gets its name from denatured alcohol—alcohol that has been rendered unfit for drinking—and is often used in the denaturing process. Specially denatured alcohol 40, or SD-40, is ethanol that has been denatured by a tiny amount of denatonium benzoate. Denatonium benzoate is an ester of PABA, and is related to lidocaine, benzocaine, novocaine, and cocaine. 

Perfumes, colognes and toilet waters are solutions of perfume oils in specially denatured alcohols, (ethyl alcohol with various denaturants which make it unsuitable for human consumption). In addition, ethanol is used as a solvent for flavors, as an extraction solvent for many natural products and as a reagent for the production of many ethyl esters. Summing up all these uses, the quantity of ethanol used in the fragrance and flavor industry tops all other alcohols by far. 

Comments pharmaceutical glaze is a specially denatured alcoholic solution of shellac containing between 20% and 57% of anhydrous shellac. It may be prepared using either ethanol or ethanol 95% and may contain waxes and titanium dioxide as an opacifing agent. 

Denatured alcohol is ethanol that has been rendered unfit for use in intoxicating beverages by the addition of other substances. Completely denatured alcohol contains added wood alcohol (methanol) and benzene and is unsuitable for either internal or external use. Specially denatured alcohol is ethanol treated with one or more substances so that iks use may be permitted for a specialized purpose. Examples are iodine in alcohol for tincture of iixlinc. methanol, and other. substances in mouthwashes and aftershave lotiun.s. and methanol in alcohol for preparing plant extracts. 

Statistics on the Use of Specially Denatured Alcohol, hscal year. 

Bureau of Internal Revenue, Statistics on the Uses of Specially Denatured Alcohol, annual, 1936 to date (except 1938 and 1939). Detailed end-use data on specially denatured alcohol. 

Pro-Solv. [Anderson Labs] Specially denatured alcohol... 

Depending upon use and stability, commercial enzymes are marketed as liquid or solid preparations. It was found that the enzyme could be recovered as a solid product by the conventional method of alcohol precipitation employed for other solid commercial enzyme products. The most efficient process was found to be evaporation of the clear filtrate to one-third original volume, adjustment of pH to 3.2 by addition of hydrochloric acid, and addition of 3.5 volumes of cold special denatured alcohol, formula 35A. The precipitate was allowed to settle, clear supernatant decanted, the precipitate washed with an equal volume of alcohol, and filtered in a filter press. The solid was washed in the press with anhydrous alcohol, blown with dry air, and finally dried in a vacuum oven at 36°C. 

In discussing the manufacture of denatured alcohol in the United States the editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry says that denatured alcohol was first allowed to be manufactured tax-free in the United States by an act of Congress dated June 7, 1906. Since that date up to the time of the signing of the Armistice, denatured alcohol steadily increased. The demands for completely denatured alcohol and specially denatured alcohol have been gradually increasing and broadening. 

A long list of different Formulas for Completely and Specially Denatured Alcohol were authorized in 1922 by the United States Internal Revenue Bureau. These formulas have been originated to best adapt the alcohol to the use which is to be made of it in commerce. 

Feort Completely Denatured Alcohol Specially Denatured Alcohol... 

The following note concerning the above figures is given Compiled from the Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Amounts for 1907, amounts by formulas of Completely Denatured Alcohol for 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, and 1912, and amounts by formulas of Specially Denatured Alcohol for 1910, and 1611 ars not given in such reports and are not available. ... 

Table 6.39 Denaturants Authorized for Completely Denatured Alcohol (CDA) and Specially Denatured Alcohol (SDA) (30)...

Other products or processes may be authorized by the Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of the Treasury, Washington, O.C. Uses of Specially Denatured Alcohol—27 CFR 212 105... 

Table 6.45 Composition and Typical End Uses of Specially Denatured Alcohols (30)...

Classification Specially denatured alcohol Definition Ethyl alcohol (100 gal) denatured with benzene (0.5 gal), rubber hydrocarbon solvent (0.5 gal), toluene (0.5 gal), or heptane (0.5 gal) Uses Solvent for plastics, resins, photographic film, transparent sheeting, explosives, petrol, prods., dehydration (cellulosics, sodium hydrosulfite) process solvent for pectin, food prods., crude drugs, vitamins, hormones, yeasts, antibiotics, vaccines, medicinal chems., dyes, intermediates, perfumes raw material for ethyl acetate, ethyl chloride, ethylamines, dyes, intermediates, etc. Regulatory FDA 27CFR 21.33 Trade Name Synonyms SDA-2B [Eastman http //www. eastman. com]... 

Classification Specially denatured alcohol Definition Ethyl alcohol (100 gal) denatured with metallic sodium (> 33 lb) and either benzene (0.5 gal), toluene (0.5 gal), or rubber hydrocarbon solvent (0.5 gal)... 

Classification Specially denatured alcohol Definition Ethyl alcohol (100 gal) denatured with methyl alcohol (5 gal)... 

---