Atopic dermatitis evaluation

Stucker, M. et al., Topical vitamin B12 — a new therapeutic approach in atopic dermatitis-evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in a randomized placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial, Br. J. Dermatol., 150, 977, 2004. 

Sampson H, McCaskill C Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis Evaluation of 113 patients. J Pediatr 1985 107 669-675. 

Patient age and hormonal status in women should be considered in the initial evaluation of patients with skin disorders. Older patients are predisposed to developing psoriasis, seborrhea, and other skin conditions. Atopic dermatitis is most likely to occur in children. Menopausal women tend to develop brown hyperpigmentation, or melasma. Pregnant women may develop hyperpigmentation of the areola and genitalia as well as melasma. 

Mueller RS, Bettenay SV Evaluation of the safety of an abbreviated course of injections of allergen extracts for the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Am J Vet Res 2001 62 307-310. 

Koide M, Furukawa F, Tokura Y, Shirahama S, Takigawa M Evaluation of soluble cell adhesion molecules in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 1997 24 88-93. 

Berardesca, E., Barbareschhi, M., Veraldi, S., and Pimpinelh, N. Evaluation of the efficacy of a skin lipid mixture in patients with irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis or atopic dermatitis a multicenter study. Contact Dermatitis 2001 45 280-5. 

Pigatto, P.D. et al. 10% Urea cream (Laceran) for atopic dermatitis a clinical and laboratory evaluation, J. Dermatol. Treat., 7, 171, 1996. 

Loden, M., Andersson, A.C., Andersson, C., Frodin, T., Oman, H., and Lindberg, M., Instrumental and dermatologist evaluation of the effect of glycerine and urea on dry skin in atopic dermatitis, Skin. Res. 

Squamometry X corresponds to the analytical evaluation of xerosis using SACD samplings.6,7,14 31 A linear correlation exists between the amount of harvested orthokeratotic SC and SQMI. Data are also influenced by the presence of parakeratotic cells and serum deposits as found in spongiotic dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, irritant or allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis.32,36... 

Food diary is frequently used to evaluate harmful food influence in chronic allergic disease (atopic dermatitis, allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis, or esophagitis) (Sampson, 1999a). 

Stevenson J, Comah D, Evrard P, Vanderheyden V, Billard C, Bax M, Van Hout AETAC Study Group. Long-term evaluation of the impact of the Hi-receptor antagonist cetirizine on the behavioral, cognitive, and psychomotor development of very young children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Res 2002 52(2) 251-7. 

Simonsen, L., Fullerton, A. (2006). Development of an in vitro skin permeation model simulating atopic dermatitis skin for the evaluation of dermatological products. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 20 230-6. 

Estelle F, Simons R. Prospective, long-term safety evaluation of the Hi-receptor antagonist cetirizine in very young children with atopic dermatitis. Allergologie 2000 23 244-55. 

Sampson HA. The evaluation and management of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2003 21 183-192. 

The role of both T and B lymphocytes in a variety of disease states beyond transplantation has become increasingly important in the past decade. This is especially true of those diseases frequently referred to as autoimmune in their etiology, such as rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and so on. In addition, several other major diseases are also known to have a component of T- or B-cell-mediated pathogenesis, for example, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and asthma. Until very recently, the mainstay of therapy for these diseases was the corticosteroids, which were often less than satisfactory in efficacy and often associated with undesirable side effects, especially in growing children and the elderly. Thus, the search for new agents with different mechanisms of action and which did not have the same adverse event profile as conventional corticosteroids led to the subsequent evaluation of drugs such as tacrolimus and sirolimus to treat several of these diseases. 

Dandruff (seborrhea sicca, pityriasis sicca, or sicca capitis) has been dehned by Khgman as chronic noninflammatory scaling of the scalp [159], as observed clinically. This deflnition allows clinicians to differentiate between dandruff and other scaly scalp diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Others have demonstrated histologically that inflammation does exist in the upper dermis in dandruff [160] and it is clear that inflammation is critical to the development and the treatment of dandruff. Nevertheless, these facts do not negate or reduce the utihty of Kligman s deflnition of dandruff for chnical evaluation. 

Tumorigenicity The rates of tumors among patients with atopic dermatitis or eczema who used topical pimecrolimus have been evaluated in a retrospective cohort study of 953 064 subjects and controls [54 ]. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for all cancers was 1.15 (95% Cl = 0.99, 1.31). T-cell lymphoma was the only tumor associated with a significantly increased risk (HR = 3.76 95% Cl = 1.71, 8.28). However, after exclusion of patients who had had suspicious lesions before exposure the hazard ratio fell to 2.32 (95% Cl = 0.89, 6.07). 

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by extreme pruritus and lichenified papules and plaques that may begin in or persist in to adulthood. Topical corticosteroids are first-line prescription therapy for AD they are efficacious and have a well established safety profile. The topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus have been approved as second-line topical therapy for AD. The current review evaluates the available studies on the comparative effectiveness, safety, cost, and impact on quality of life of topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of adult AD [17 ]. 

Both Sherertz (1992) and Fowler et al. (1992) examined the records of patients referred to their respective United States clinics to determine how many patients were formaldehyde sensitive. Sherertz found 63 patients who were patch-test positive to formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. She also found 13 records of patients referred because they had a suspected clothing dermatitis. All 13 had been patch tested with the American Academy screening series and had been evaluated as not being atopic before they arrived at the referral service. Fowler et al. found 678 records of patients referred in a two-year period because they had dermatitis of unknown origin. 

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