Average difference

Look up the experimental values of the first ionization potential for these atoms and calculate the average difference between experiment and the computed values. Depending on the source of your experimental data, the arithmetic mean difference should be within 0.010 hartrees. Serious departrues from this level of agreement may indicate that you have one or more of your spin multiplicities wrong. 

The t test can be applied to differences between pairs of observations. Perhaps only a single pair can be performed at one time, or possibly one wishes to compare two methods using samples of differing analytical content. It is still necessary that the two methods possess the same inherent standard deviation. An average difference d calculated, and individual deviations from d are used to evaluate the variance of the differences. 

Sometimes just one determination is available on each of several known materials similar in composition. A single determination by each of two procedures (or two analysts) on a series of material may be used to test for a relative bias between the two methods, as in Example 2.4. Of course, the average difference does not throw any light on which procedure has the larger constant error. It only supplies a test as to whether the two procedures are in disagreement. 

In a study involving paired data the difference, d[, between the paired values for each sample is calculated. The average difference, d, and standard deviation of the differences, are then calculated. The null hypothesis is that d is 0, and that there is no difference in the results for the two data sets. The alternative hypothesis is that the results for the two sets of data are significantly different, and, therefore, d is not equal to 0. 

A measure of bias d is the first moment of the distribution of these differences, or the average difference ... 

Here is an equation for relative humidity (RH) and a short BASIC computer program that enhances its value. The average difference between the equation and actual values runs only 0.33 percentage points and the highest absolute difference seen in comparisons w as 2 percentage points. 

Finally, there is an interesting article" that shows how to use Taylor s series to generate shortcut methods from established theory. Examples are given for developing a criterion for replacing log mean temperature differences with average differences and for estimating the effect of temperature on reaction rate. 

The mean deviation from experiment the average difference between computed and experimental values. This statistic is not very meanin since it allows positive and negative errors—underestimations overestimations—to cancel one another. Flowever, a large value usi indicates the presence of systematic errors. 

Mean absolute deviation MAD is a statistical measure of the mean (average) difference between a product s forecast and actual usage (demand). The deviations (differences) are included without regard to whether the forecast was higher than actual or lower. 

Numbers listed are the average differences (without regard to sign) between x-ray and chemical data for each element and therefore include any inaccuracies in the chemical determination. 

The FNAA results are again compared with chem analysis for HMX content. The mean la precision for 10 determinations on each of the six samples is 1.30% HMX and the average difference between FNAA and chem analysis is 1.05% HMX ... 

Average Difference in Genetic Distance (A) between Ordered and Disordered Regions of 26 Protein Families a... 

The difference between a test (T) and a reference (R) product should be evaluated by use of the f2-test (see Eq. (5)), where f2 > 50 is the required limit for equivalence. This limit corresponds to an average difference in amount dissolved at different times (t) of less than 10%. If the dissolution is very rapid, i.e., complete dissolution within 15 min, the f2-testing is not necessary. 

Spacing Requirement Insurance Industry Recommendations Petroleum Industry Average Difference from Insurance Recommendations Average Distance for All... 

Average Deviation or Average Difference = Average of all the absolute deviations. 

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