Zeeman atomic absorption

Pauwels J. De Angelis L, Grobecker KH (1991) Solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry in production and use of certified reference materials. Pure Appl Chem 63 1199-1204. 

Hofmann C, Vandecasteele C, Pauwels ] (1992) New calibration method for solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ZAAS) for cadmium. Fresenius J Anal Chem 342 936-940. 

Pauwels J, Hofmann C, Vandbcasteele C (1994) Calibration of solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry by extrapolation to zero matrix. Fresenius J Anal Chem 348 418-421. 

SS-ZAAS Solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry... 

Que Hee SS, MacDonald TJ, Bomschein RL. 1985a. Blood lead by fumace-Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Micro Chem J 32 55-63. 

The ASTM-EFA standard method of analyzing lead In gasoline requires extraction of alkyl lead Iodide complexes Into methyllsobutylketone and a subsequent flame atomic absorption analysis of the extract A more direct method has been proposed ( ) which uses Zeeman atomic absorption analysis after sample dilution. Both methods were used to analyze a set of five field collected samples. The results showed a bias (average difference between method results) of 0.0012 g/gal with the standard flame results higher. The correlation coefficient between the results was 0.9998 0.0009, and a pairwise t-test showed no difference between the methods (6). 

Recently, Sakai et al. have combined flame Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (FZAAS) with selective vapourisation of the spaaes from a sample, placed in a crucible which is slowly heated, to investigate the speciation of arsenic compounds in oyster tissue. This method could prove useful if the top temperature reached by the system is high enough to allow the vapourisation of a wider variety of species that may exist in biological samples. Presently, the highest temperature attainable is 400 °C. 

M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt, L. de Galan, Theory of Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta, 33B (1978), 495. 

Meerum, T.J.M., Tibben, M.M., Welbank, H., Schellens, J.H.M., Beijnen, J.H. Validated method for the determination of platinum from a liposomal source (SPI-77) in human plasma using graphite furnace Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 366, 298-302 (2000)... 

CFFs (0.15 ml each) were serially collected from the pulmonary artery prior to ischemia and during reperfusion. Fractions were collected in the reperfiision phase (10 first CFF samples and 5 CFF samples — after 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min of reperfiision, respectively). Iron and copper concentrations in the CFFs were measured according to standard procedures, using a Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer (Varian, Spectron AA-300/400) [30]. Protein content was determined according to the Bradford method [31]. 

ETA-AAS, Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FAAS, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry HG-AAS, Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ICP-AES, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ID-MS, Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry NAA, Neutron Activation Analysis Q-ICP-MS, Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry SS-Z-ETA-AAS, Solid Sampling Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Z-ETA-AAS, Zeeman Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Homogeneity control by Solid Sampling Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Fig. 87. Approaches for Zeeman atomic absorption. (A) Rotating polarizer and permanent magnet applied to the atomizer (B) permanent magnet around the primary source (C) longitudinal field of ac magnet applied to the atomizer (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [307].)...

De Loos-Vollebregt M. T. C. and De Galan L. (1985) Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry Prog Anal At Spectrom 8 47-81. 

Broekaert J. A. C. (1982) Zeeman atomic absorption instrumentation, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 37 65-69. 

Edwards WC, Blackburn TA. 1986. Selenium determination by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Vet Hum Toxicol 28 12-13. 

D Haese PC, Van Landeghem GF, Lamberts LV, et al. 1996. Measurement of strontium in serum, urine, bone, and soft tissues by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. Clin Chem 43(1) 121-128. 

Huang Z, D Haese PC, Lamberts LV, Van Landeghem GF and De Broe ME (1993) Silicon determination in biologicalfluids by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. In Anke M, Meissner D, Mills CP, eds. Trace Elements in man and animals - TEMA 8, pp. 98-99. Verlag Mediatou-ristik, Gersdorf... 

Shoukry AE, Issa YM and Earghaly RA (1998) Determination of silicon using electrothermal Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry in presence of some transition metals as modifiers. Fresenius J Anal Chem 360 650—653. 

Fleckenstein, J. (1985) Direct determination of mercury in solid samples by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZAAS) with the graphite furnace. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 322, 704-707. 

Hoenig, M. (1991). Determination of selenium in blood by graphite furnace Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry discussion of critical parameters. Analusis, 19, 41. 

Destructive techniques these are techniques in which the sample is decomposed by a reagent and then the concentration of the element in the aqueous extract determined by a physical technique such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS Section 11.1.1), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS Section 11.1.2), cold vaponr atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS Section 11.1.4), Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZAAS Section 11.1.5), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES Sections 11.1.6 and 11.1.8), visible spectrometry (Section 11.1.13), or polarographic or anodic scanning voltammetric techniques (Section 11.1.14). 

Table 11.2 Available Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometers...

Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry Perkin Elmer Gorporation Varian Instruments... 

If the concentration of cadmium in a sample solution is too low for quantitation by this flame AAS analytical technique, and the sample is to be averaged with other samples for TWA calculations, aliquots of the sample and a matrix modifier are later injected onto a Lvov platform in a pyrolytically-coated graphite tube of a Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometer/graphite furnace assembly for analysis of elemental cadmium. The matrix modifier is added to stabilize the cadmium metal and minimize sodium chloride as an interference during the high temperature charring step of the analysis (5.1., 5.2.). 

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