Aspens

Aspens D E and Dietz N 1998 Optical approaches for controlling epitaxial growth Appl. Surf. Sc/. 130-132 367-76... 

Arabinan. This highly soluble polymer is found in the extracts of many fmits and seeds, in the boiling water extracts of pine wood (127), in the extracts of marshmallow roots (A/t/jaea officina/is) (128), and aspen (63) and willow (Sa/ix a/ba F) (129) bark. Because arabinan can be isolated from mildly degraded pectin fractions, it is often difficult to determine whether it is a hemiceUulose or a labile fragment of a larger polysaccharide and/or lignin complex. Arabinans have a complex stmcture composed almost entirely of 5-linked a-L-arabinofuranosyl units with similar residues linked to them at C-2 and/or C-3 and is soluble in 70% aqueous methanol solution. 

M. A. Epstein, Modem Intellectual Property, 3rd ed.. Aspen Law and Business, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1995. 

A. McRae and L. Whelchel, eds.. Toxic Substances Control Sourcebook, Aspen Systems Corporation, 1978, p. 124. 

Northeast spmce and fir hemlock, tamarack, and white pine oak, hickory, and maple aspen and poplar... 

Lake states jack pine and red pine white pine and tamarack red oak, aspen, and maple birch... 

Wood Delignijication. The production of wood pulp (qv) for the paper (qv) industry consists of removing lignin (qv) from wood chips, thus freeing the ceUulose fibers. An aqueous solution containing 30—70 wt % sulfolane efficiently extracts the lignin from aspen. Western hemlock, and Southern pine wood chips. Pulp yields are from 50—75% (43,44). 

Because of the plasticizing action of the resin-forming materials, the wood can be compressed under considerably lower pressures than dry, untreated wood. For example, treated spmce, cottonwood, and aspen veneer, dried to a moisture content of 65 but not cured, are compressed, when subjected to a pressure of only 1.72 MPa (- 17 atm) at 149°C, to about half the original thickness and a specific gravity of - 1.0. 

Wood FIa.ke Boards. This category covers a range of products depending on the size and orientation of the wood flakes used. The earliest product was made in the 1950s using low density wood species, such as aspen and pine, with the flakes bonded together with phenoHc resins. Today there are two types of flake board, waferboard and oriented strand board (OSB). 

Waferboard is made almost exclusively from aspen wood and the flakes are roughly square in shape, up to 2 in. (5 cm) on a side. They are used for low end stmctural sheathing appHcations. 

MicroMENTOR is an educational package for solving distillation problems and includes MCCABE, PONCH, and BATCH for the MaCabe-Thiele, Ponchon-Savarit, and Batch binary distillations (11). The commercially available distillation software packages have been surveyed (15). Por reactive distillation, ASPEN software (16) is weU-known and widely adopted. 

Data Acquisi Data Plottin Flowsheeting Data Acquii Database M Dynamics Distillatio Flush Dru Labelling ASPEN AutoCAD CDRAFT ... 

Characteristics ASPEN PLUS Chemcad II Desiga-II Hysim Pio-11 Oiiasilin Span SPEEDUP... 

Aspen Technology, ac.,AspenPlus Users Guide, Cambridge, Mass., 1988, pp. 5—46, appendix pp. C25—C34. 

CHEMCAD from Coade Engr. Software, Houston TX DesignPFD from ChemShare, Houston TX Aspen/SP from JSD Simulation Service Co., Denver CO ELECTROSIM (processes deahng with dissociation and chemical reactions), from Real Time Simulation... 

White-red-jack pine 2 -90 10% from aspen trees... 

Aspen-birch 5 -20 60%, diluted by birch, a pinene source balsam fir and balsam poplar... 

Lodgepole pine 3 -90 10% from Engelmann spruce and aspen... 

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