Proteins artificial

Nagapudi K., Brinkman W.T., Leisen, J., Thomas B.S., Wright E.R., HaUer C., Wu X., Apkarian R.P., ConticeUo V.P., and Chaikof EU. Protein-based thermoplastic elastomers. Macromolecules, 38, 345, 2005. Petka W.A., Hardin J.L., McGrath K.P., Wirtz D., and TirreU, D.A. Reversible hydrogels from self-assembUng artificial proteins. Science, 281, 389, 1998. 

Burkoth, T. S., Beausoleil, E., Kaur, S., Tang, D., Cohen, F. E., and Zuckermann, R.N. Toward the synthesis of artificial proteins The discovery of an amphiphilic helical peptoid assembly. Chem. Biol. 2002, 9, 647-654. 

Petka WA, Harden JL, McGrath KP et al (1998) Reversible hydrogels from self- assembling artificial proteins. Science 281 389-392... 

Shen W (2005) Structure, dynamics, and properties of artificial protein hydrogels assembled through coiled-coil domains. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena... 

Shen W, Zhang KC, Komfield JA et al (2006) Tuning the erosion rate of artificial protein hydrogels through control of network topology. Nat Mater 5 153-158... 

Adamantane can be used to construct peptidic scaffolding and synthesis of artificial proteins. It has been introduced into different types of synthetic peptidic macrocycles, which are useful tools in peptide chemistry and stereochemistry studies and have many other applications as well. Introduction of amino acid-functionalized adamantane to the DNA nanostmctures might lead to construction of DNA-adamantane-amino acid nanostmctures with desirable stiffness and integrity. Diamondoids can be employed to constmct molecular rods, cages, and containers and also for utilization in different methods of self-assembly. In fact, through the development of self-assembly approaches and utilization of diamondoids in these processes, it would be possible to design and constmct novel nanostmctures for effective and specific carriers for each dmg. 

QconCAT for the absolute quantification of protein samples. This new technology was developed for the identification and absolute quantification in proteomics. Examples of applications may be the analysis of expression levels across a set of samples, the protein expression tracking during development, and the individual members identification in protein families. A concatamer (artificial protein) is... 

It is widely recognized that dendrimers are the first synthetic structure controlled polymers that rival the control and monodispersity observed for proteins. Their precise masses and behavior as analytes on electrophoretic gels demonstrate the contention that dendrimers (i.e. specifically poly(amidoamines)) may be viewed as artificial proteins . 

Art. p. f. m. or artificial protein-free mi 1k, was a logical next step in their work. Since they were attempting to grow rats on totally synthetic diets, i.e., diets composed of pure chemicals, Osborne and Mendel attempted to duplicate the composition of p.f.m using laboratory or commerical grade chemical salts and lactose in combinations that approximated as closely as possible the composition of natural p. f. m. (27)... 

On the other hand, Futaki and Kitagawa [19] prepared a four-helix bundle protein that was also stabilized by disulfide bonds. However, in this case, they synthesized the artificial protein with its four different peptide structures (I, II, III, IV) by selectively forming the disulfide bonds, as illustrated in Fig. 11. 

The use of templates that can nucleate secondary structures has also been studied [23], The fundamental idea is to attach one or more conformationally flexible peptides to a rigid template that is designed to initiate either a /f-sheet or an a-helix by forming the first crucial hydrogen bonds. These interactions compensate for the loss of entropy associated with the folding process and in particular in the initiation step. This strategy has been used to develop stable helices, sheets, and artificial proteins. 

Fig. 15. The construction of artificial proteins by the TASP (template-assembled synthetic proteins) concept [31]. Peptidic structures are attached to a synthetic template to create artificial proteins with a defined three-dimensional architecture. (Reproduced with the permission of Ref. 1)...

The multivalency of peptide dendrimers has also been used to increase the binding avidity of antigens to antibodies in various immunological assays and diagnostic tests. 27,43,47,48,55-59 Examples in the literature have been reported where the MAP format increases the binding avidity and sensitivity, in some cases >100000 fold. In addition to immunology, MAP types of dendrimers have found applications in areas such as inhibitors, 44,45,51,60,61 artificial proteins, 62 affinity purification, 63 and intracellular transportation, 41 as well as in drug discovery. 53 ... 

Petka, W. A., Harden, J. L., McGrath, K. P., Wirtz, D., and Tirrell, D. A. (1998). Reversible hydrogels from self-assembling artificial proteins. Science 281, 389-392. 

Dendritic architectures can be used to mimic protein folding, because the amino acids are crowded together in a confined space [35 a]. Synthesis permits incorporation of both natural and unnatural (abiotic) amino acids in such an artificial protein (peptide dendrimer), leading to materials that may be attractive for medicine. Given an appropriate nature and sequence of the amino acids,... 

The construction of an artificial protein-protein complex is an attractive subject to elucidate the electron-transfer process in biological systems. To convert Mb into an electron-transfer protein such as cytochromes, Hayashi and Ogoshi (101) prepared a new zinc Mb having a unique interface on the protein surface by the reconstitutional method as shown in Fig. 27. The modified zinc protoporphyrin has multiple functional groups, carboxylates, or ammonium groups, at the terminal of the two propionates. Thus, the incorporation of the... 

Somewhat surprisingly, the structure recommended by the computer program for FSD-1 was quite different from that of the zinc finger itself. It contained only six of the 28 amino acids found in the zinc finger and five more that are chemically similar, hut not identical. Still, even with the nonnatural set of amino acids, FSD-1 folded in precisely the same way as the zinc finger, resulting in an artificial protein that met a set of predetermined conditions. 

Nearly three years later, Baker and his colleagues demonstrated the practical significance of their computer modeling. In November 2003, they announced the synthesis of the first completely artificial protein, which they called Top7. They used Rosetta to design a protein of 93 amino acid residues with a geometric structure consisting of two a-helices and five p-strands never before seen in any... 

Panitch et al. (1997) produced impressive yields of 700 mg/L by E. coli fermentation of a simple small artificial protein comprising 60 repeats of an (AG)4 motif with 23 and 33 amino acid N- and C-terminal fusions, respectively. The (AG)240 repeat units were not separated after expression, and the fusion sequences comprised just 10% of the whole fusion protein. This meant that loss of polypeptide material due to inefficient cleavage by... 

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