Arteriosclerosis Experimental

Mack, G., Ebel, A., Kemf, E.E., Pantesco, V., Fontaine, J.L. and Fontaine, R. Aortic Aging and its Connection with Arteriosclerosis. Experimental Research. 

Yohimbine (104), also from the bark of C.johimbe K Schum. and from the roots of R. serpentina (1. ) Benth. has a folk history (unsubstantiated) of use as an aphrodisiac. Its use has been confirmed experimentally as a local anesthetic, with occasional employment for rehef ia angiaa pectoris and arteriosclerosis, but is frequently contraindicated by its undesired renal effects. Yohimbine and some of its derivatives have been reported as hahuciaogenic (70). In addition, its pattern of pharmacological activities ia a variety of animal models is so broad that its general use is avoided. All ten carbon atoms of secologanin (102) as well as the entire skeleton of tryptamine (98, R = H) are clearly seen as iatact portions of this alkaloid. 

Beate Kehrel studied biology and chemistry at the University of Muenster. After her Ph. D., die studied medicine and started her scientific career at the Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research in Muenster., where she came in-now 15 years ago-into initial contact with her main field of research., the interaction of platelets and extracellular matrix, especially collagen. After woridng for 12 years on thrombocytopathias in the Department of hitemal Medicine at the University of Muenster, she is now Head of the Laboratoriesfor Experimental and Clinical Haemostaseology in the Department of Anaesthesiology. 

L. Pantoni, C. Sarti, and D. Inzitari, Cytokines and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cerebral Ischemia.Experimental Bases and Therapeutic Perspectives, Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 18 (1998) 503-513. 

Properties Red, rhomboid crystals. Mp 285C. Soluble in pyridine and dilute sodium hydroxide slightly soluble in water and organic solvents. Combustible. Use Experimental treatment of arteriosclerosis by increasing oxygen diffusion through arterial wahs, thus decreasing buildup of cholesterol. 

From 1952 to 1962, several experimental studies using rats fed a choline-deficient diet reported the development of aortic arteriosclerosis.171-173 Using rats fed a choline-deficient diet, Sidransky et al.174 reported that elevated (2%) dietary tryptophan affected the elevated serum lipid levels of rats fed the choline-deficient diet for 1 week. Within 1 week the added dietary tryptophan to the choline-deficient diet caused a return in serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride values to levels present in rats fed the choline-supplemented diet. The significance of the alterations in serum lipids due to added dietary tryptophan was unknown, but it stressed that a specific amino acid (L-tryptophan) excess created a further nutritional imbalance, which could influence the altered circulating serum lipids due to choline deficiency. The alterations in serum lipid due to choline deficiency were thought to influence the development of arteriosclerosis in the rat, and possibly the added dietary tryptophan was able to prevent the effect. Further experimental studies are needed to determine whether this speculation was valid. 

Recently, it has been reported that cancer, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart diseases have long been considered major contributors to morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Many medicinal plants and foodstuffs are used for their preventive effects against life-style-related diseases, such as coronary heart diseases, hypertension, thrombosis, allergic inflammation, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Although based on the classic concept of Diet and Medicine from the Same Source , as described in old Chinese and Japanese medical books, evidence based on clinical and experimental results were not yet clear. I have been using biochemical and pharmacological approaches to study... 

Anitschkov, N. (1933) Experimental arteriosclerosis in animals, in Arteriosclerosis, E.V. Cowdry, Editor, Macmillan, New York, pp. 298-299. 

The deleterious effects of pyridoxine deficiency have been observed by experimentation on animals, by observations of people with deficient diets, and by experimentation with antivitamins in humans. Depending upon the animals used in the experiments, at least four major groups of lesions have been attributed to pyridoxine deficiency dermatitis involving the extremities, microcytic hypochromic anemia, nervous injuries associated with convulsions, and vascular lesions resembling those of arteriosclerosis. 

Thyroid hormones have long been known to affect lipid metabolism. Thyroxine undoubtedly controls cholesterol metabolism serum cholesterol levels are markedly increased in hypothyroidism and decreased in hyperthyroidism. There are various ways by which thyroxine could cause cholesterol to accumulate in blood direct stimulation of the pathway involved in cholesterol biosynthesis block of cholesterol use for further biosynthesis indirect stimulation of cholesterol synthesis by acceleration of pathways that provide precursors of coenzymes needed for cholesterol synthesis and indirect stimulation of cholesterol synthesis by blocking pathways that use those precursors involved in cholesterol synthesis. The exact mechanism by which thyroxine induces the accumulation of cholesterol in serum needs to be elucidated. The effect of thyroid hormones on blood cholesterol must be understood because hypothyroidism is known to enhance the development of experimental arteriosclerosis in animals. 

Hollis, T. M., Gallik, S. G., Orlidge, A, and Yost, J. C., 1983, Aortic endothelial and smooth muscle histamine metabolism. Relationship to aortic st. lbumin accumulation in experimental diabetes. Arteriosclerosis 3 599-606. 

Butkus, A., Robertson, A.L., Ehrhart, L.A. and Lewis, L.A. Aortic lipids at different stages of canine experimental arteriosclerosis. 

The purpose of this course was to gather information and to draw attention to the role of diet in the pathogenesis of experimental and human arteriosclerosis, as well as its prevention and therapy. 

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