Aromatic compounds benzene

Aromatic compounds that do not contain meta-directing groups can be converted to diarylamines by treatment with aryl azides in the presence of phenol at — 60°C ArH -f- Ar N3 —> ArNHAr. Diarylamines are also obtained by the reaction of N-arylhydroxylamines with aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, anisole) in the presence of F3CCOOH ArH -f Ar NHOH ArNHAr. ... 

The reaction has been applied to nonheterocyclic aromatic compounds Benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene have been alkylated with alkyllithium reagents, though the usual reaction with these reagents is 12-20, and Grignard reagents have been used to alkylate naphthalene. The addition-elimination mechanism apparently applies in these cases too. A protected form of benzaldehyde (protected as the benzyl imine) has been similarly alkylated at the ortho position with butyl-lithium. ... 

Reactions of partial electrochemical oxidation are of considerable interest in the electrosynthesis of various organic compounds. Thus, at gold electrodes in acidic solutions, olefins can be oxidized to aldehydes, acids, oxides, and other compounds. A good deal of work was invested in the oxidation of aromatic compounds (benzene, anthracene, etc.) to the corresponding quinones. To this end, various mediating redox systems (e.g., the Ce /Ce system) are employed (see Section 13.6). 

The separation of a mixture of aromatic compounds (benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, chrysenes, and benz(a)pyrene) at 31 bar is shown in Figure 3. This chromatogram was obtained with a Perkin Elmer Model 250 ultraviolet detector with the high-pressure cell placed after the cooling heat exchanger and before the flow control valve. A similar chromatogram is obtained with an Isco Model UAA with a 10 mm micro cell placed after the flow control valve. 

Aromatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated cyclic compounds that are resistant to addition reactions. The aromatic hydrocarbons derive their name from the distinctive odors they exhibited when discovered. Benzene is the most important aromatic compound. Because many other aromatic compounds are derived from benzene, it can be considered the parent of other aromatic compounds. Benzene molecular formula is... 

Lanthanide(III) triflates catalyze the nitration of a range of simple aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, biphenyl, m- and p-xylene, naphthalene) in good to excellent yield using stoichiometric quantities of 69% nitric acid.276 Bismuth(III) triflate was found to catalyze sulfonylation of aromatics with aromatic sulfonyl chlorides with similar high efficiency.277... 

D is correct. Anthracene is a larger version of benzene, a prototvpic aromatic compound. It satisfies Huckel s rule, which states that if a compound has planar, monocyclic rings with 4n + 2 n electrons (n being any integer, including zero), it is by definition an aromatic compound. Benzene houses six x electrons, a pair for each double bond (while anthracene has 14 n electrons). 

Recently Melander [88] attempted to clarify the influence of the proton loss on the nitration reaction rate by investigating this process using a number of aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, bromobenzene and naphthalene, in which one hydrogen atom had been replaced by tritium. 

The best-known, and at the same time the most puzzling, double bonds occur in the benzene ring, which is the foundation of the aromatic compounds. Benzene, CeHe, is a plane hexagonal structure, as shown in... 

Aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, xylene, phenol, diesel fuel, gasoline... 

An aromatic compound (benzene derivative) in which a halogen is bonded to one of the carbon atoms of the aromatic ring. (p. 218)... 

The photochemical substitution of some iodo substituted pyrroles 1446 in the presence of an aromatic compound (benzene, w-xylene, thiophene, 2-chlorothiophene, 2-methylthiophene) varies with the structure of the pyrrole and reaction conditions and gives the corresponding aryl derivatives 1447 and/or dehalogenated product 1448 (Equation 299) <1997J(P1)2369>. 

When the chain is closed. Using the Hiickel method and the jt-electron approximation, let us consider now the most typical aromatic compound, benzene. Repeating the arguments and the calculations presented above, we obtain the secular equation for benzene in the form... 

The pyrolysis of PVC produces a highly aromatic oil in addition to hydrogen chloride yields of more than 50 wt% [7-9, 14, 19]. The oil contains mainly aromatic compounds. Benzene has been identified as the main aromatic compound at 22.1 wt% in the oil from the fluidized-bed pyrolysis of PVC [19]. Benzene has also been identified as the... 

Scope of the Problem. Petroleum hydrocarbons are the principal components in a wide variety of commercial products (e.g., gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, solvents, mineral spirits, mineral oils, and crude oil). Because of widespread use, disposal, and spills, environmental contamination is relatively common. It is important to understand that petroleum products are complex mixtures, typically containing hundreds of compounds. These include various amounts of aliphatic compounds (straight-chain, branched-chain, and cyclic alkanes and alkenes) and aromatic compounds (benzene and alkyl benzenes, naphthalenes, and PAHs). In addition, many petroleum products contain nonhydrocarbon additives such as alcohols, ethers, metals, and other chemicals that may affect the toxicity of the mixture. 

Catalytic acylation of electron-rich aromatics is achieved with a combination of InCls and silver perchlorate (Scheme 8.114) [157]. Acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride and isopropenyl acetate serve as satisfactory acyl donors. By using an InCl3-impreg-nated Si-MCM-41 catalyst at low concentration, acylation of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, mesitylene, anisole, naphthalene, methylnaphfhalene, and methoxynaphfhalene) by acyl chlorides (benzoyl chloride, phenylacetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, or butyryl chloride) can be accomplished rapidly (3 h) at 80 °C in high yield, even in the presence of moisture in the aromatic substrate or solvent (dichloroethane) (Scheme 8.115) [158], In(OTf) j is an efficient catalyst in the sulfonylation of both activated and deactivated aromatic compounds (Scheme 8.116) [159]. 

The archetypal aromatic compound benzene [29] is comprehensively discussed in 5.3 and the spectrum shown in Fig. 5.5, that of CeDg is shown in Fig. 8.1. Benzene has also been widely used as an adsorbate in catalyst studies ( 7.3.2.10). 

Bacterial Degradation of Monocyclic Aromatic Compounds Benzene and alkyl benzenes... 

Aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic compounds, benzene, ethene, organic acids some of them are known as potential respiratory, eye and skin irritants, others could mutate cells or cause cancer under specific conditions, dependent on concentration of dose... etc. - and, though there is considerable uncertainty as to the... 

But the striking excess property aromaticity might be even better characterized by values close to that of the standard aromatic compound, benzene, which are given in (3) for comparison. 

For the three model aromatic compounds—benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene7—naphthalene underwent hydrotreatment over sulfided nickel/tungsten catalyst at 340°C/70 bar H2 to the corresponding monoaromatic (tetralin) an order of magnitude faster than benzene saturates to cyclohexane (Table 8.3). 

Details are now presented of studies on the benzene-furan system, in which a [2 + 2]cycloadduct (43) and a [4 + 4]adduct (44) are the major products adduct (44) can be converted thermally or photochemically into (43). This photoaddition is the first example involving two monocyclic aromatic compounds benzene and thiophen give products in only very low yield on irradiation. 

Aromatic compound Benzene or a derivative—represented by a structure with three double bonds in a six-membered carbon ring. 

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