Main aromatic

Dyes, Dye Intermediates, and Naphthalene. Several thousand different synthetic dyes are known, having a total worldwide consumption of 298 million kg/yr (see Dyes AND dye intermediates). Many dyes contain some form of sulfonate as —SO H, —SO Na, or —SO2NH2. Acid dyes, solvent dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, fiber-reactive dyes, and vat dyes can have one or more sulfonic acid groups incorporated into their molecular stmcture. The raw materials used for the manufacture of dyes are mainly aromatic hydrocarbons (67—74) and include ben2ene, toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, phenol (qv), pyridine, and carba2ole. Anthraquinone sulfonic acid is an important dye intermediate and is prepared by sulfonation of anthraquinone using sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. 

Table 2. Classification of Food Flavors Depending on Perception of Main Aromatic Note ...

Similarly,the residues which appear as a carbon-rich material with very little oxygen, were all alike. Their elemental compositions ranged from 86.1% to 89.3% carbon, 3.8% to 4.2% hydrogen, and 2.6% to 2.9% oxygen. The material is mainly aromatic with perhaps some benzofuran type structures, suggesting that condensation reactions may be involved in its formation. 

Decomposition and aromatization of ethanol on Fe-ZSM-5 [68] or M02C/ZSM type catalysts [69, 70]. This reaction, however, produces mainly aromatics there are continuous more stringent regulations on the use of aromatics in fuels due to their carcinogenicity (benzene) and toxicity. 

Bonnet. P., Raoult. G.. and Gradiski. D. Lethalconcentrationof 50 main aromatic hydrocarbons. Arch. Mai. Prof, i0(8-9) 805-810, 1979. 

The main aromatic amines used as diazo components are substituted anilines or naphthylamines and the coupling components substituted iV-aUcylanilines, phenols, naphthylamines and naphthols. Heteroaromatic diazo and coupling components are widely used in commercial azo dyestuffs. The main heterocyclic conpling components are pyrazalones (2.6) and, especially, pyridones (2.8). These are nsed to prodnce bright yellow and orange monoazo dyes, such as Cl Acid Yellow 72 (2.7) and Cl Disperse Orange 139 (2.9). ... 

AMINES - MAINES, AROMATIC - ANILINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES] (Vol 2) Methyl anisate [121-98-2]... 

The Cannizzaro reaction, that is, the base-catalysed disproportionation of a carbonyl compound to an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, has gained some importance as an economically viable alternative to the reduction with borohydrides. However, the reaction is restricted to carbonyl compounds without any a-hydrogen, which do not undergo competing aldol reactions. Thus, mainly aromatic aldehydes are used for this kind of transformation. The protocols developed for microwave applications typically involve solvent-free conditions using alumina as the solid support. Under these conditions, a significant acceleration of the reaction was achieved. 

Phenols and derivatives are the main aromatic compounds of plants, whose structural formulas contain at least one benzene ring. They serve as odors, fungicidals, or germination inhibitors. Coumarins are especially common in grasses, orchids, citrus fruits, and legumes. Plants containing phenols with anticancer properties include the following ... 

Bonnet P, Morele Y, Raoult G, et al. 1982. Determination of the median lethal concentration of the main aromatic hydrocarbons in the rat. Arch Mai Prof 43 261-265. [French]... 

Synthetic dyes are mainly aromatic organic compounds, and they can be classified as cationic (basic dyes), anionic (direct, acid, and reactive dyes), or nonionic (disperse dyes) type [134]. Synthetic dyes are mainly used in the textile industries, but they have many other applications such as in printing, leather, papermaking, drug, and food industries [85]. Total world colorant production is estimated to be... 

The polyisocyanates which can be used for preparing isocyanate-based foams are mainly aromatic compounds and some aliphatic or aralkyl polyisocyanates. TDI (toluene diisocyanate) is widely used for flexible foams. Pure MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) is used for elastomers and coatings. Modified TDI and modified MDI are used for high-resilience flexible foams. Polymeric isocyanates (polymeric MDI or oligomeric MDI) are mostly used for preparing rigid urethane and isocyanurate foams, and in part, for preparing flexible and semi-flexible foams. 

The pyrolysis of PVC produces a highly aromatic oil in addition to hydrogen chloride yields of more than 50 wt% [7-9, 14, 19]. The oil contains mainly aromatic compounds. Benzene has been identified as the main aromatic compound at 22.1 wt% in the oil from the fluidized-bed pyrolysis of PVC [19]. Benzene has also been identified as the... 

Intermediates in the dye industry are referred to the organic cyclic type compounds used for the manufacture of synthetic dyes. These compounds are considered as chemical stepping stones between the parent organic raw materials and the final products. The starting raw materials are mainly aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and the like, which are derived from petroleum. The products are various dyes. 

As noted in the introduction, the first addition of an allylic stannane to carbonyl compounds was reported over thirty years ago and involved allyl triethyltin and mainly aromatic aldehydes at elevated temperatures without solvent (Table 1) [1], In these experiments the triethylstannyl ether of the alcohol adduct was isolated by distillation before conversion to the final product. 

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